California 2026: The Khanna-Harris Gubernatorial Town Hall Debate

Dr. Bennett: "Good evening and welcome to this special gubernatorial town hall debate hosted by the Politics-Room of California. I'm Dr. Marcus Bennett, and it is my honor to moderate this important conversation about California's future."

Dr. Bennett: "Tonight we bring together two distinguished Democratic leaders who seek to guide California through its next chapter: Representative Ro Khanna from California's 17th Congressional District and former Vice President of the United States, Kamala Harris."

Dr. Bennett: "California stands at a crossroads. As we emerge from the national elections of 2024 and face the challenges of climate change, economic transition, housing affordability, and technological disruption, our state needs visionary leadership that can harness California's unparalleled resources, diversity, and innovation to create a more prosperous, sustainable, and equitable future."

Dr. Bennett: "Tonight's format will differ from traditional debates. Rather than walking through a checklist of policy positions, we'll explore forward-looking themes that reveal how these candidates would approach California's most pressing challenges. We'll hear directly from Californians representing different regions and perspectives. And we'll press for specific commitments, not just general principles."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's begin with opening statements. Representative Khanna, you'll go first, followed by Vice President Harris. You each have three minutes."

Khanna: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett, and thank you to the Politics-Room Club for hosting this important conversation. Good evening, California."

Khanna: "I'm Ro Khanna, and I'm running for governor because I believe California can lead America into a new era of shared prosperity and technological progress that works for everyone."

Khanna: "My story begins with my grandfather, who spent time in jail alongside Gandhi fighting for India's independence. My parents came to America with little more than faith in this country's promise. My father studied engineering, my mother became a teacher, and they raised me to believe in the dignity of work and the power of education."

Khanna: "As I traveled across America as your representative—from Silicon Valley to Appalachia, from rural Iowa to inner-city Detroit—I've developed a vision of what I call 'economic patriotism.' It means harnessing America's technological leadership to create good jobs and opportunity in every community."

Khanna: "California faces profound challenges: housing that's unaffordable for working families, homelessness on our streets, a climate crisis threatening our communities, and an economy where too many work hard but fall further behind. These challenges demand new thinking and bold leadership."

Khanna: "As governor, I'll draw on my experience representing Silicon Valley and writing legislation like the CHIPS and Science Act to position California at the forefront of the industries of the future—clean energy, biotechnology, advanced manufacturing. But I'll ensure these opportunities reach every corner of our state, from the Central Valley to the North Coast, from the Inland Empire to Los Angeles."

Khanna: "I believe California should be a place where everyone can afford a home, where our children receive world-class education, where our air and water are clean, and where innovation creates prosperity that's broadly shared."

Khanna: "With your support, we can build this California together. Thank you."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's begin with your opening statements Vice President Harris, you have three minutes."

Harris: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett, and good evening, California. It's wonderful to be home."

Harris: "I'm Kamala Harris, and I'm running for governor because I love California and believe we can meet this moment of challenge with bold, experienced leadership."

Harris: "I was born in Oakland and raised in Berkeley. My mother came from India, my father from Jamaica. They met as students at UC Berkeley, marching for civil rights. They taught me that public service is a noble calling and that justice requires fighting for those whose voices often go unheard."

Harris: "My career has been dedicated to serving the people of California—as District Attorney of San Francisco, as your Attorney General, as United States Senator, and as Vice President. In each role, I've fought to protect consumers from powerful interests, to reform our criminal justice system, to expand access to healthcare, and to address the climate crisis."

Harris: "California has always led the nation in innovation and progressive values. But today, too many Californians feel the promise of our state slipping away. Housing costs force families to move far from jobs or leave the state altogether. Climate change threatens our communities with wildfires, drought, and rising seas. Economic inequality grows as working families struggle to make ends meet."

Harris: "As governor, I'll bring tested leadership and a track record of results to these challenges. I'll accelerate housing production while protecting tenants. I'll lead a climate mobilization to create clean energy jobs and build resilient communities. I'll invest in education from universal pre-K through debt-free college. And I'll ensure economic growth benefits everyone, not just those at the top."

Harris: "Throughout my career, I've taken on tough fights and delivered real results. That's the leadership California needs now. Together, we can build a California where everyone has the opportunity to thrive. Thank you."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's give some applause to both candidates for honoring us with their time. Thank you both for those opening statements. Now we'll move to our first thematic segment, which focuses on California's economic future."

Dr. Bennett: "Let me first share some notes about this debate: Questions asked and audience questions in this debate follow this outline with these thematic segments:"

• California's Economic Future
• Climate Resilience and Environmental Justice
• Housing Affordability and Homelessness
• Education and Workforce Development
• Healthcare Access and Affordability
• Public Safety and Criminal Justice Reform
• Water and Infrastructure
• California's Role in the Nation and World
• Closing "California 2030" Vision Statements

Dr. Bennett: "California remains the world's fifth-largest economy and a global leader in technology, entertainment, and agriculture. Yet our state faces profound economic challenges—housing affordability, income inequality, and the disruptive forces of automation and artificial intelligence."

Dr. Bennett: "Let me direct my first question to Representative Khanna. You represent Silicon Valley but have advocated for spreading tech opportunity to other regions. How specifically would your economic development strategy ensure prosperity reaches beyond coastal urban centers to places like the Central Valley, the Inland Empire, and rural California?"

Khanna: "Dr. Bennett, this is the central economic challenge of our time—ensuring technological progress creates opportunity for all communities, not just a few privileged enclaves."

Khanna: "My approach would have three specific pillars. First, I would create a California Technology Opportunity Fund that would invest $5 billion in building technology hubs connected to community colleges and state universities in regions outside our coastal cities. I've already done this work nationally—connecting Silicon Valley companies with communities in Iowa, Kentucky, and South Carolina."

Khanna: "Second, I would implement a comprehensive manufacturing strategy for California. We've lost too many good manufacturing jobs over decades of deindustrialization. I would leverage California's innovation leadership to rebuild advanced manufacturing in areas hit hardest by these losses. This means investing in workforce training, infrastructure, and technology transfer from our research universities."

Khanna: "Third, I would revolutionize how we approach broadband access and digital skills. Every Californian deserves high-speed internet and the skills to participate in the digital economy. My administration would ensure universal broadband access within four years and create digital skills programs in every high school, community college, and adult education center."

Khanna: "The key difference in my approach is that I don't see technology and economic development as separate issues. Our challenge is harnessing California's technological leadership to create good jobs and opportunity in every community. That's the heart of economic patriotism."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, the same question to you—how would your economic development strategy ensure prosperity reaches beyond coastal urban centers?"

Harris: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett. Creating an economy that works for all Californians—regardless of zip code, race, or background—has been the focus of my entire career."

Harris: "My economic development strategy would build on three foundations: infrastructure, education, and targeted investment. First, infrastructure—we need to rebuild California's physical infrastructure with an eye toward connecting underserved communities to opportunity. This means high-speed rail linking the Central Valley to coastal job centers, expanded freight capacity at inland ports, and water infrastructure that supports agricultural communities."

Harris: "Second, education—California's community colleges and state universities should be engines of economic mobility. I would create Career Opportunity Hubs at every community college, partnering with employers to develop training programs that lead directly to good-paying jobs. And I would expand the Cal Grant program to ensure cost is never a barrier to higher education."

Harris: "Third, targeted investment—as Attorney General, I created the Bureau of Children's Justice to protect our most vulnerable residents. As governor, I would create an Office of Regional Economic Equity to target state investments in historically underserved communities. This would include access to capital for small businesses, affordable housing development, and clean energy projects that create good jobs."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is that I understand economic development requires bringing all stakeholders to the table—business, labor, community organizations, and government. My experience building these coalitions as District Attorney, Attorney General, Senator, and Vice President gives me the expertise to deliver results for all Californians."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from a California voter on this issue."

Joaquin Ramirez, Fresno: "My family has run a small manufacturing business in Fresno for three generations. We've seen many of our neighboring businesses close as jobs moved overseas. Both of you talk about bringing opportunity to places like the Central Valley, but what specific policies would make it possible for small manufacturers like us to compete and grow in today's economy?"

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, let's have you respond first."

Harris: "Thank you for that question, Mr. Ramirez, and thank you for keeping manufacturing jobs in the Central Valley. Small manufacturers like yours are the backbone of regional economies."

Harris: "First, I would create a Made in California initiative that would provide tax incentives specifically targeted at small and medium-sized manufacturers, with additional benefits for businesses in historically underserved regions. This would include a 15% tax credit for investments in new equipment and technology."

Harris: "Second, I would establish a California Industrial Finance Authority to provide low-cost financing for small manufacturers to modernize their operations and transition to clean energy. This would help businesses like yours compete globally while meeting California's climate goals."

Harris: "Third, I would reform state procurement policies to give preference to California-made products. The state spends billions on goods and services—those taxpayer dollars should support California businesses and workers whenever possible."

Harris: "And finally, I would build on my work as Vice President implementing the CHIPS Act to ensure Central Valley manufacturers can participate in supply chains for emerging industries like semiconductors, clean energy, and biotechnology."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, your response?"

Khanna: "Mr. Ramirez, thank you for your question and for maintaining manufacturing jobs in the Central Valley. I've spent my career focused on how we revitalize American manufacturing."

Khanna: "My approach would center on four specific policies. First, I would create a California Manufacturing Extension Partnership modeled on the federal program but with significantly more resources—$100 million annually to provide technical assistance to small manufacturers. This would help businesses like yours adopt new technologies, streamline operations, and access new markets."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish Manufacturing Innovation Institutes across California's regions, connecting our university research with small manufacturers. For the Central Valley, this would focus on agricultural technology, water efficiency, and food processing innovation. This would help you develop cutting-edge products that command premium prices."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Supply Chain Reshoring Initiative to identify critical products currently imported from overseas that could be made competitively in California. This would include matching grants to help manufacturers like yours retool to produce these items."

Khanna: "Finally, I would reform regulation to support small manufacturers without compromising worker safety or environmental protection. This includes creating a Manufacturing Regulatory Navigator office to help businesses like yours comply with complex regulations efficiently."

Khanna: "The difference in my approach is that I believe manufacturing is central to California's economic future—not just one sector among many, but a foundation for broadly shared prosperity."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both. I'd like to ask a follow-up question about artificial intelligence, which promises to transform California's economy. How would your administration ensure AI benefits Californians broadly while mitigating potential job displacement?"

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, you'll answer first this time."

Khanna: "Dr. Bennett, artificial intelligence represents both tremendous opportunity and significant challenge for California's economy. As someone who represents Silicon Valley and has worked extensively on technology policy, I understand both the potential and the risks."

Khanna: "First, California should lead in AI governance. I would establish the California AI Safety and Ethics Commission, bringing together technologists, ethicists, labor representatives, and community members to develop standards ensuring AI systems are developed and deployed responsibly."

Khanna: "Second, we need to ensure AI creates more jobs than it displaces. I would create an AI Transition Fund, financed by a small fee on large-scale AI deployments, to support worker retraining, education, and community economic development in areas facing disruption."

Khanna: "Third, I would position California to lead in beneficial AI applications. My administration would invest in AI research and deployment for climate solutions, healthcare improvements, educational innovation, and public service delivery."

Khanna: "Finally, I would ensure equitable access to AI tools. Just as we need universal broadband, we need universal access to AI capabilities so small businesses, students, and communities aren't left behind in this technological transition."

Khanna: "The core principle guiding my approach is that technology should serve human flourishing. AI should enhance human capabilities and creativity, not replace or devalue them."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would your administration address artificial intelligence?"

Harris: "Artificial intelligence represents a fundamental transformation of our economy, and California must lead in ensuring this transformation benefits everyone. My approach balances innovation with strong guardrails."

Harris: "First, I would implement a California AI Bill of Rights, building on the work I began as Vice President. This would establish clear principles for responsible AI development, including transparency, accountability, and protection against algorithmic discrimination."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Worker Transition Program to support Californians whose jobs are affected by automation. This would include extended unemployment benefits tied to retraining, relocation assistance, and wage subsidies to help employers retain and retrain workers."

Harris: "Third, I would leverage California's market power to shape AI development globally. State procurement policies would require adherence to our AI ethical standards, creating incentives for responsible innovation."

Harris: "Fourth, I would ensure California's education system prepares students for an AI-driven economy. This means not just technical skills but also the critical thinking, creativity, and emotional intelligence that will remain distinctly human advantages."

Harris: "My approach is informed by my experience protecting consumers as Attorney General and addressing emerging technologies as Vice President. I understand that new technologies require government to evolve as well, balancing innovation with strong protections for workers, consumers, and communities."

Dr. Bennett: "California stands on the frontlines of the climate crisis. From devastating wildfires to severe drought, sea level rise to extreme heat, our state faces profound challenges that threaten lives, livelihoods, and communities. At the same time, these impacts aren't distributed equally, with disadvantaged communities often bearing the heaviest burden."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, you co-sponsored the Climate Equity Act during your time in the Senate. As governor, what specific actions would you take in your first year to build California's climate resilience while addressing environmental justice concerns?"

Harris: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett. Climate change is the existential threat of our time, and California must lead not just the nation but the world in addressing it. My climate approach centers on three principles: urgency, equity, and economic opportunity."

Harris: "In my first year as governor, I would implement five specific actions. First, I would declare a Climate Emergency for California, creating a cabinet-level Climate Resilience Office with authority to coordinate across all state agencies. This office would develop and implement a comprehensive adaptation strategy for every region of California."

Harris: "Second, I would launch a California Environmental Justice Initiative requiring that at least 40% of climate investments benefit disadvantaged communities. This builds on my work with the Climate Equity Act but with stronger enforcement mechanisms to ensure resources reach the communities that need them most."

Harris: "Third, I would create a Climate Conservation Corps employing 25,000 young Californians to work on climate resilience projects—restoring wetlands, hardening infrastructure against sea level rise, creating urban green spaces to reduce heat islands, and helping communities prepare for climate emergencies."

Harris: "Fourth, I would accelerate California's clean energy transition by doubling our renewable energy targets and implementing my Clean Power Plan to shut down the state's remaining fossil fuel plants by 2030 while ensuring a just transition for workers and communities."

Harris: "Finally, I would establish California Climate Partnerships with tribal governments, recognizing their sovereignty and traditional ecological knowledge in developing climate solutions. These partnerships would include direct funding for tribal-led climate initiatives."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is my experience building coalitions to implement ambitious climate policies. As Vice President, I helped secure the largest climate investment in American history through the Inflation Reduction Act. I know how to bring together diverse stakeholders—from environmental justice communities to labor unions to businesses—to create climate solutions that work for everyone."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you, Vice President. Representative Khanna, you've led investigations into fossil fuel misinformation and worked with climate activists. What specific actions would you take in your first year as governor?"

Khanna: "Climate change is the defining challenge of our generation, and California must lead with bold action based on science and justice. My approach combines rapid emissions reduction with community resilience and clean technology leadership."

Khanna: "My first-year climate agenda would focus on five concrete actions. First, I would implement a comprehensive Climate Risk Assessment for every county in California, identifying specific vulnerabilities and resilience needs. This would provide the foundation for targeted investments in climate-vulnerable communities."

Khanna: "Second, I would launch the California Clean Manufacturing Initiative to make our state the global leader in low-carbon industrial production. This $5 billion program would transform emissions-intensive industries like cement, steel, and chemicals while creating thousands of good jobs in disadvantaged communities."

Khanna: "Third, I would establish a Climate Technology Accelerator to commercialize breakthrough solutions developed in our universities and research labs. This would include direct state investment in promising climate technologies and demonstration projects in frontline communities."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would create a California Climate Finance Authority to mobilize private capital for climate solutions. For every dollar of public money, we would leverage ten dollars of private investment in renewable energy, resilient infrastructure, and clean transportation."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would implement a Just Transition program for fossil fuel workers and communities, ensuring no one is left behind in our clean energy transition. This would include income supports, education benefits, and targeted economic development in affected regions."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is my understanding of both climate justice and technological innovation. As chair of the House Oversight Subcommittee on the Environment, I held fossil fuel executives accountable for climate disinformation. As Silicon Valley's representative, I've worked to harness technology for climate solutions. California needs both environmental justice and technological leadership to address this crisis."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from a community member dealing with these challenges firsthand."

Maria Gonzalez, Richmond: "My community lives in the shadow of oil refineries that have polluted our air for generations. Climate change makes dangerous air quality days even worse. Both of you talk about environmental justice, but how would you specifically address the toxic legacy of fossil fuel infrastructure in communities like mine while ensuring a just transition for workers?"

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, let's begin with you."

Khanna: "Thank you, Ms. Gonzalez, for your advocacy and for raising this critical issue. Communities like Richmond have borne the health burden of our fossil fuel economy for too long while being on the frontlines of climate impacts."

Khanna: "My approach to addressing toxic legacy pollution would have three components. First, I would create a Pollution Accountability Program that would require fossil fuel companies to fund the cleanup of contaminated sites based on the 'polluter pays' principle. This isn't just about future transition but addressing decades of environmental injustice."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish a Community Health Monitoring system in fence-line communities like Richmond, with real-time air quality monitoring linked to enforcement. When pollution exceeds safe levels, facilities would face immediate penalties and possible shutdowns until problems are resolved."

Khanna: "Third, I would implement a Just Transition Fund specifically for communities with fossil fuel infrastructure. This would include health care resources for residents affected by pollution, job training for workers, and economic development planning to replace lost tax revenue as these facilities are phased out."

Khanna: "What makes my approach different is that I've directly confronted the fossil fuel industry as chair of the House Oversight Subcommittee. I've questioned executives under oath about their role in climate disinformation and pollution. I understand that addressing environmental justice requires holding powerful interests accountable while creating pathways to a cleaner future."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you address these concerns?"

Harris: "Thank you, Ms. Gonzalez. I know Richmond well from my time as District Attorney and Attorney General, when I took on big polluters who were endangering community health."

Harris: "My administration would address toxic legacy pollution through three key initiatives. First, I would create an Environmental Justice Enforcement Task Force within the Attorney General's office with dedicated resources to investigate and prosecute environmental crimes. This task force would prioritize cases in communities that have suffered disproportionate pollution burdens."

Harris: "Second, I would implement a Superfund-style program for California to accelerate the cleanup of toxic sites in environmental justice communities. This would include a dedicated funding stream and expedited remediation requirements for responsible parties."

Harris: "Third, I would create a Worker and Community Transition Office to ensure that as we phase out fossil fuel facilities, both workers and municipalities have the resources they need. This would include five years of wage guarantees for displaced workers, scholarship programs for continuing education, and grants to help communities replace lost tax revenue."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is my experience enforcing environmental laws and holding corporations accountable. As Attorney General, I secured millions in settlements from companies violating environmental regulations. I understand that environmental justice requires both strong enforcement of existing laws and proactive policies to address historic inequities."

Dr. Bennett: "Let me follow up with a question about California's increasingly severe wildfires. These disasters threaten lives, destroy homes, worsen air quality, and strain state resources. What specific strategies would you implement to address this growing threat? Vice President Harris, let's begin with you."

Harris: "California's wildfire crisis requires urgent action across multiple fronts. My wildfire strategy would focus on five key elements."

Harris: "First, I would triple California's investment in forest management and prescribed burns, working with federal agencies, tribal governments, and private landowners to implement proven strategies for reducing fire risk. This includes increasing the acreage treated annually from 100,000 to 300,000 acres."

Harris: "Second, I would create a state Fire-Resistant Communities program, providing grants and technical assistance to help high-risk communities implement defensible space, retrofit homes, and create evacuation plans. This would be targeted to vulnerable communities that lack resources for these improvements."

Harris: "Third, I would reform insurance regulations to maintain coverage affordability while incentivizing fire-safe practices. This includes working with the insurance industry to develop innovative products that reward mitigation efforts."

Harris: "Fourth, I would expand California's firefighting capacity through increased staffing, equipment modernization, and deployment of new technologies like AI-powered early detection systems and specialized firefighting aircraft."

Harris: "Fifth, I would implement stronger regulations on utilities to prevent power line-sparked fires, including accelerated undergrounding of lines in high-risk areas and improved maintenance requirements."

Harris: "The difference in my approach is my experience coordinating federal, state, and local disaster response as Vice President. I understand that wildfire management requires collaboration across jurisdictional boundaries and levels of government."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, your approach to California's wildfire crisis?"

Khanna: "California's wildfire crisis requires solutions that combine traditional knowledge, modern technology, and community-centered planning. My strategy has five components."

Khanna: "First, I would establish an Indigenous Fire Management Program, partnering with California's tribal nations to implement traditional ecological knowledge in forest management. Indigenous practices maintained healthy forests for thousands of years before European settlement, and we need to restore these approaches at scale."

Khanna: "Second, I would launch a Wildfire Technology Initiative to develop and deploy advanced monitoring, modeling, and firefighting technologies. This includes a network of AI-powered sensors for early detection, drone swarms for rapid response, and advanced modeling to predict fire behavior."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Community Wildfire Adaptation Fund providing grants for home hardening, defensible space creation, microgrids for power resilience, and community firebreaks. This would be allocated based on vulnerability and need."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Utility Accountability Framework requiring power companies to invest in infrastructure hardening, underground power lines in high-risk areas, and maintain equipment to the highest safety standards—with severe penalties for non-compliance."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish Regional Fire Resilience Councils bringing together all stakeholders—from forestry experts to local officials, tribal representatives to community members—to develop locally appropriate fire management strategies."

Khanna: "What sets my approach apart is its integration of indigenous knowledge and cutting-edge technology. Rather than seeing these as opposing approaches, I believe we need both traditional ecological practices and technological innovation to address our wildfire crisis effectively."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these thoughtful responses. We need to move to our next topic, but before we do, I'd like to ask each of you to make a specific commitment on climate action that voters can hold you accountable for. Representative Khanna, in one sentence, what measurable climate goal do you commit to achieving by the end of your first term?"

Khanna: "I commit to reducing California's greenhouse gas emissions by 60% below 1990 levels by 2030 while creating 500,000 clean energy jobs with at least half in disadvantaged communities."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, your specific climate commitment in one sentence?"

Harris: "I commit to making California the first state to achieve 100% clean electricity by 2030, phase out all fossil fuel extraction by 2035, and ensure every Californian lives in a climate-resilient community with clean air and water."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both. Now let's turn to our next critical challenge: housing affordability and homelessness."

Dr. Bennett: "California's housing crisis has reached unprecedented levels. The median home price now exceeds $800,000, making homeownership unattainable for most residents. Rents have skyrocketed, with many paying over half their income for housing. And on any given night, more than 170,000 Californians experience homelessness—the largest population in the nation. This crisis affects nearly every community in our state and intersects with challenges of economic opportunity, transportation, and climate resilience."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's begin with homelessness. Representative Khanna, what specific approaches would you implement to address California's homelessness crisis, and how would your approach differ from previous administrations?"

Khanna: "Dr. Bennett, homelessness is a moral crisis demanding immediate action and systemic solutions. My approach recognizes that homelessness stems from multiple factors—housing costs, mental health challenges, substance use disorders, economic insecurity—and requires comprehensive interventions."

Khanna: "My administration would implement a five-part strategy. First, I would declare a Homelessness State of Emergency on day one, creating a dedicated Homelessness Response Unit with authority to cut through bureaucratic obstacles and coordinate across agencies. This unit would report directly to me and be held accountable for measurable reductions in homelessness."

Khanna: "Second, I would launch a California Housing First program with $5 billion in annual funding to rapidly expand permanent supportive housing. This would include acquiring and converting hotels, motels, and other buildings for immediate housing, while simultaneously building new supportive housing units. The goal would be 100,000 new units of supportive housing within four years."

Khanna: "Third, I would implement a statewide right to shelter coupled with comprehensive services. Every Californian would have access to safe, dignified emergency shelter while transitioning to permanent housing. These shelters would offer integrated mental health services, substance use treatment, and employment assistance."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would create a Homelessness Prevention Program to keep people housed in the first place. This would include emergency rental assistance, eviction defense, and targeted support for those at highest risk of homelessness—including young people aging out of foster care, people leaving incarceration, and veterans."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish Regional Homelessness Authorities throughout California, modeled on successful regional approaches elsewhere. These authorities would coordinate resources across jurisdictional boundaries, ending the patchwork approach that has failed to address this crisis effectively."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its technological innovation and focus on economic opportunity. I would incorporate digital case management systems to ensure no one falls through the cracks, and integrate job training programs specifically designed for formerly homeless individuals. And importantly, I would measure success not just by housing units built, but by sustained exits from homelessness."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you address California's homelessness crisis?"

Harris: "Homelessness is a complex crisis that affects every community in California. It reflects policy failures across housing, healthcare, mental health, criminal justice, and economic opportunity. My approach combines urgency in addressing immediate needs with systemic reforms to prevent homelessness."

Harris: "My homelessness strategy has five components. First, I would establish a California Interagency Council on Homelessness reporting directly to the governor's office. This council would coordinate across all state agencies and work with local governments to implement evidence-based solutions. I would appoint a Homelessness Czar with extensive experience in successfully reducing homelessness."

Harris: "Second, I would implement a Coordinated Entry System statewide so that every person experiencing homelessness can access appropriate services through a single point of entry. This would include mobile outreach teams to engage people where they are, rather than expecting them to navigate complex bureaucracies."

Harris: "Third, I would create a California Permanent Supportive Housing Initiative with $4 billion annually to expand housing with integrated services. This would include rapid acquisition of properties, modular housing construction, and renovation of existing buildings to quickly expand housing stock."

Harris: "Fourth, I would significantly expand mental health and substance use disorder treatment capacity. This includes creating regional mental health crisis response teams, expanding residential treatment options, and ensuring that mental health services are accessible regardless of insurance status."

Harris: "Fifth, I would implement a comprehensive homelessness prevention strategy targeting those at highest risk. This includes expansion of rapid re-housing programs, targeted rental assistance, and services for vulnerable populations like foster youth, domestic violence survivors, and veterans."

Harris: "What makes my approach different is my focus on accountability and measurable outcomes. As Attorney General, I held institutions accountable for serving the public interest. As governor, I would establish clear metrics for reducing homelessness, regularly assess progress, and redirect resources to strategies that demonstrate results."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from someone directly impacted by this issue."

James Rodriguez, San Diego: "I'm a construction worker making $75,000 a year. My wife's a teacher. Together we make too much for assistance but not enough to afford a home in the community where we work. We pay $3,200 in rent for a two-bedroom apartment, which keeps rising. At this rate, we'll never be able to own a home or build wealth. What specific policies would you implement to help working families like mine afford housing in California?"

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, please respond first."

Harris: "Mr. Rodriguez, thank you for your question and for the essential work that you and your wife do for our communities. Your situation represents the reality for millions of California's working families, and it's unacceptable."

Harris: "My administration would implement three specific policies to help families like yours. First, I would create a First-Time Homebuyer Down Payment Assistance Program providing up to $25,000 in down payment assistance for middle-income families. This would be structured as a shared equity model, ensuring the assistance helps future homebuyers as well."

Harris: "Second, I would establish a Middle-Income Housing Production Program to significantly increase the supply of housing specifically for families like yours. This would include $2 billion annually in tax credits and direct subsidies for developers who build housing affordable to households earning 80-120% of area median income—precisely the range where your family falls."

Harris: "Third, I would implement statewide rent stabilization to protect families from excessive rent increases while allowing reasonable returns for landlords. This would limit annual increases to inflation plus 5%, providing predictability for renters while you save for homeownership."

Harris: "Beyond these specific programs, the fundamental solution to housing affordability is increasing supply. My administration would set a goal of building 500,000 new housing units annually, including through streamlined permitting, transit-oriented development incentives, and converting underutilized commercial properties to housing."

Harris: "As Vice President, I worked to expand housing production nationwide. As governor, I would bring that same commitment to ensuring that essential workers like you and your wife can afford to live in the communities you serve."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, your response?"

Khanna: "Mr. Rodriguez, your situation highlights the fundamental failure of California's housing market. When hardworking families like yours can't afford homes, our economy and communities suffer."

Khanna: "I would implement four specific policies to help families in your situation. First, I would create a California Home Ownership Program providing zero-interest second mortgages of up to $100,000 for first-time homebuyers in your income range. These loans would require no payments until you sell the home, effectively reducing your monthly mortgage payment significantly."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish a Workforce Housing Development Fund with $3 billion annually to build housing specifically for essential workers like you and your wife. This fund would support development of mixed-income communities near job centers and transit, with homes available for purchase at below-market rates."

Khanna: "Third, I would implement a Rent-to-Own program allowing renters to convert a portion of their monthly rent payments into equity. This would help families like yours build wealth even while renting and create a pathway to ownership."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would reform zoning laws to allow more housing in job-rich areas, especially near transit. This includes eliminating single-family zoning statewide and creating by-right development for projects with significant affordability components."

Khanna: "The difference in my approach is its recognition that housing is both an economic issue and a wealth-building opportunity. Your family deserves not just shelter, but the chance to build equity and financial security through homeownership. My policies would create multiple pathways for working families to achieve this fundamental part of the American dream."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's broaden our focus to overall housing production. California has consistently failed to build enough housing to meet population growth. What specific actions would you take to increase housing production across all income levels and overcome local resistance? Representative Khanna, you'll answer first."

Khanna: "California's housing shortage is fundamentally a supply problem. We need to build millions of new units across all income levels, and that requires addressing the regulatory, financial, and political barriers to production."

Khanna: "My housing production strategy has five components. First, I would implement comprehensive zoning reform to allow housing where it's needed most. This includes eliminating single-family exclusive zoning statewide, allowing fourplexes by right in all residential areas, and creating transit-oriented development zones with significantly higher density and reduced parking requirements."

Khanna: "Second, I would streamline the approval process for housing development. Projects that meet objective standards and include affordability components would receive approval within 90 days. Environmental review would be simplified for infill development, while maintaining important protections."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a California Housing Development Corporation with $10 billion in initial capitalization. This public developer would build housing directly on state-owned land, focusing on mixed-income communities with strong sustainability features."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Housing Innovation Initiative to reduce construction costs through modular construction, 3D printing, and other advanced building technologies. This includes funding for research and demonstration projects to prove the viability of these approaches at scale."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would reform local incentives through both carrots and sticks. Communities that meet housing goals would receive priority for transportation funding and other state resources. Those that consistently block housing would face withholding of state funds and potential state intervention in local planning decisions."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its embrace of technological innovation to reduce housing costs and increase production speed. As Silicon Valley's representative, I've seen how technology can transform industries. We need to apply that same innovative spirit to solving our housing crisis."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you increase housing production in California?"

Harris: "California's housing shortage has reached crisis proportions, with estimates suggesting we need 3.5 million new homes. Addressing this requires bold action to reform a system that has failed to produce adequate housing for decades."

Harris: "My housing production plan has five elements. First, I would establish binding Regional Housing Needs Allocations with meaningful enforcement mechanisms. When regions fail to meet housing goals, the state would step in with expedited approval processes for qualifying projects."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Housing Opportunity Overlay allowing by-right development of affordable and mixed-income housing on commercially zoned properties and in high-resource areas. This would unlock significant development potential in job-rich areas with good schools and amenities."

Harris: "Third, I would implement a Transitional Areas Initiative to convert underutilized office, retail, and industrial properties to housing. This includes tax incentives, expedited permitting, and infrastructure investments to facilitate these conversions."

Harris: "Fourth, I would establish a Public Land for Housing program that identifies state-owned properties suitable for housing development and transfers them to developers through long-term ground leases with affordability requirements."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create a Sustainable Communities Framework that aligns housing, transportation, and climate goals. Communities that develop housing near transit and jobs would receive priority for transportation funding and infrastructure investments."

Harris: "The distinction in my approach is its balance of state leadership with community partnership. As Attorney General and Vice President, I've learned that lasting change requires both clear standards and stakeholder buy-in. My housing plan would set firm production requirements while providing communities with resources and flexibility to meet those goals in ways that reflect local needs."

Dr. Bennett: "One final question on this topic. Housing intersects with transportation, climate, and economic opportunity. How would your administration integrate housing policy with these other critical areas? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "Housing cannot be addressed in isolation. It must be integrated with transportation, climate, and economic policies to create sustainable, equitable communities. My integrated approach has three components."

Harris: "First, I would implement a Transit-Oriented Communities program that co-locates housing, jobs, and services near transit. This includes upzoning around transit stations, funding for infrastructure improvements, and incentives for mixed-use development that reduces car dependency."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Climate-Resilient Housing standard ensuring new development is prepared for climate impacts like wildfire, flooding, and extreme heat. This includes both building standards and community-scale resilience features like microgrids and water capture systems."

Harris: "Third, I would establish Economic Opportunity Zones where housing development is coordinated with job creation, education investments, and small business support. This place-based approach would transform underserved communities into vibrant, opportunity-rich neighborhoods."

Harris: "The integration of these policies would be coordinated through a Cabinet-level position focused on sustainable communities, ensuring that housing, transportation, climate, and economic development work together rather than at cross-purposes."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you integrate housing with other policy areas?"

Khanna: "Housing is connected to every major challenge California faces. My integrated approach would align housing with transportation, climate, and economic opportunity through three key strategies."

Khanna: "First, I would implement a 15-Minute Neighborhoods initiative, ensuring Californians can meet daily needs within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. This means reforming zoning to allow neighborhood-scale commercial uses in residential areas, funding pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and incentivizing mixed-use development patterns."

Khanna: "Second, I would create a Green Housing Innovation program linking housing production to climate goals. This includes zero-carbon building standards, renewable energy requirements, and funding for demonstration projects that showcase sustainable, affordable housing models."

Khanna: "Third, I would establish Regional Innovation Hubs that co-locate housing, education, and economic opportunity. These hubs would combine housing development with targeted investments in community colleges, R&D facilities, and business incubators, creating complete communities where people can live, learn, and work."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its technology-forward, innovation-driven integration. I would create a Digital Planning Platform allowing communities to visualize and optimize the relationships between housing, transportation, climate, and economic development, making integrated planning more accessible and transparent."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these substantive responses. Before we move to our next topic, I'd like each of you to make a specific commitment on housing that voters can hold you accountable for. Representative Khanna, in one sentence, what measurable housing goal do you commit to achieving by the end of your first term?"

Khanna: "I commit to increasing California's housing production to 500,000 units annually by 2030, with at least 200,000 affordable units, while reducing homelessness by 75% and creating homeownership opportunities for 250,000 first-time buyers from middle and working-class backgrounds."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, your specific housing commitment in one sentence?"

Harris: "I commit to building 2 million new housing units within four years, reducing homelessness by 50% in my first term, implementing rent stabilization statewide, and creating 500,000 new homeowners from moderate-income households currently priced out of the market."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you. We'll now take a short break before continuing with our next segment on Education and Workforce Development."

Dr. Bennett: "Welcome back to our gubernatorial town hall debate. We now turn to education and workforce development—critical areas where California faces both tremendous challenges and opportunities. Our state boasts world-class universities but struggles with K-12 achievement gaps. We're home to cutting-edge industries yet have regions with persistent unemployment. And as automation and artificial intelligence transform the workplace, Californians need new skills and training to thrive in tomorrow's economy."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, you've been a vocal advocate for expanding technological opportunity beyond coastal hubs. What specific education and workforce development strategies would you implement to prepare Californians for the changing economy, particularly in regions that have been left behind?"

Khanna: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett. Education and workforce development are central to my vision of economic patriotism—ensuring all Californians can participate in and benefit from technological progress."

Khanna: "My approach would focus on five key strategies. First, I would implement a California Tech Skills Initiative, creating technology education pathways beginning in middle school and continuing through community college and university. This includes computer science education in every K-12 school, coding academies in underserved communities, and partnerships between tech companies and educational institutions."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish Regional Innovation Centers throughout California, focusing particularly on the Central Valley, Inland Empire, and rural counties. These centers would combine education, workforce training, and business incubation, creating local ecosystems of opportunity. I've already implemented this model nationally, connecting Silicon Valley companies with communities in Iowa, Kentucky, and South Carolina."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a California Apprenticeship Network expanding the apprenticeship model beyond traditional trades to fields like healthcare, technology, and green energy. This would include state incentives for employers who create apprenticeships and funding for community colleges to develop apprenticeship curricula."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Future of Work Initiative addressing automation and AI-driven economic transitions. This includes transition assistance for workers in vulnerable industries, funding for retraining programs, and partnerships with employers to develop ethical automation practices that complement rather than replace human workers."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a California Education Guarantee ensuring every Californian can access education and training throughout their lives. This includes two years of free community college, expanded Cal Grants, and lifelong learning accounts that workers can use for retraining at any point in their careers."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its focus on technological opportunity and cross-regional collaboration. Having represented Silicon Valley while working with communities across America, I understand both the transformative potential of technology and the importance of ensuring it benefits everyone, not just those in coastal enclaves."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you prepare Californians for the changing economy?"

Harris: "Education is the great equalizer, and workforce development is essential to economic mobility. My administration would ensure every Californian has the skills and support to succeed in a rapidly changing economy."

Harris: "My plan has five components. First, I would implement Universal Pre-Kindergarten for all California four-year-olds, laying the foundation for lifelong learning and addressing achievement gaps before they widen. This program would be high-quality, full-day, and available in every community."

Harris: "Second, I would establish the California College Promise, making community college free for all residents and covering the full cost of attendance—not just tuition, but also books, transportation, and living expenses for low-income students. Additionally, I would expand Cal Grants to make our state universities affordable for middle-class families."

Harris: "Third, I would create Career Pathway Partnerships in every region, bringing together employers, educational institutions, labor unions, and community organizations to develop training programs aligned with regional economic needs. These partnerships would focus particularly on growing sectors like healthcare, clean energy, and advanced manufacturing."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a California Skills Guarantee providing every worker affected by economic transition with access to retraining and support services. This includes income support during training, job placement assistance, and relocation grants if necessary."

Harris: "Fifth, I would establish Opportunity Centers in underserved communities combining education, workforce training, childcare, and supportive services in one location. These centers would remove barriers to participation and create community hubs for economic mobility."

Harris: "What differentiates my approach is its comprehensive life-cycle perspective and focus on removing barriers to participation. Drawing on my experience as Vice President implementing the American Rescue Plan's workforce provisions, I understand that effective education and training must address the whole person—not just skills development, but also the supports people need to succeed."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from an educator on this topic."

Elena Ramirez, Bakersfield: "I've been teaching high school in Bakersfield for 15 years. My students are brilliant and motivated, but we lack basic resources—outdated textbooks, overcrowded classrooms, insufficient counselors. Meanwhile, wealthier districts offer advanced courses and opportunities my students can't access. How would you address these persistent inequities in K-12 education, especially for schools in lower-income communities?"

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, please respond first."

Khanna: "Ms. Ramirez, thank you for your dedication to your students and for raising this critical issue. Educational equity is both a moral imperative and an economic necessity for California's future."

Khanna: "To address K-12 inequities, I would implement five specific reforms. First, I would overhaul California's school funding formula to truly provide equal opportunity. While the Local Control Funding Formula was a step forward, it hasn't eliminated fundamental disparities. My administration would increase the base funding for all schools while providing substantially higher weights for high-need students and schools in high-poverty areas."

Khanna: "Second, I would launch a Teacher Excellence Initiative to recruit and retain outstanding educators in high-need schools. This includes $25,000 annual bonuses for teachers in hard-to-staff schools and subjects, student loan forgiveness, housing assistance, and improved working conditions."

Khanna: "Third, I would implement a Facilities Equity Program providing $5 billion annually to modernize school buildings in underserved communities. This includes technology infrastructure, science labs, arts facilities, and climate-resilient improvements."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would create a Statewide Advanced Learning Network, connecting students in all communities to advanced courses through both in-person regional centers and high-quality virtual instruction. No student should be denied access to advanced classes because of where they live."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish Student Success Teams in every high-need school, providing integrated academic, social-emotional, and family support services. These teams would include counselors, social workers, community liaisons, and college/career advisors, maintaining a ratio of at least one support professional for every 250 students."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its technological innovation and focus on connecting underserved students to opportunity. I would leverage California's tech leadership to develop new educational technologies specifically designed to address equity challenges, and ensure every student has both the devices and connectivity needed to access these resources."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you address K-12 educational inequities?"

Harris: "Ms. Ramirez, thank you for your question and for your service to California's students. Educational equity has been a focus throughout my career, and addressing these disparities would be a top priority of my administration."

Harris: "My plan to address K-12 inequities has five components. First, I would implement a California Education Equity Act requiring equitable funding, staffing, facilities, and course offerings across all schools. This act would establish specific standards for resource equity and give the state authority to intervene when districts fail to meet these standards."

Harris: "Second, I would launch a California Teacher Corps recruiting 10,000 new teachers annually, with particular focus on educators of color and those committed to serving high-need communities. Corps members would receive full scholarships, living stipends during training, and $10,000 annual bonuses for teaching in high-need schools."

Harris: "Third, I would create Community Schools in high-need areas that provide integrated education, health, and social services to students and families. These schools would offer extended learning time, healthcare services, adult education, and community programming, becoming neighborhood hubs for opportunity."

Harris: "Fourth, I would establish a Curriculum Equity Initiative ensuring all students have access to high-quality, culturally relevant materials and advanced coursework. This includes developing open educational resources, expanding dual enrollment programs with community colleges, and creating regional centers for specialized instruction."

Harris: "Fifth, I would implement a School Leadership Academy developing principals and administrators specifically for high-need schools. Educational research consistently shows that strong leadership is essential for school improvement, yet high-need schools often struggle to attract and retain effective leaders."

Harris: "What differentiates my approach is its focus on comprehensive equity standards with accountability mechanisms. As Attorney General, I learned that establishing clear standards with enforcement authority is essential for addressing systemic inequities. My plan combines ambitious goals with the governance structures needed to achieve them."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's shift to higher education. California's universities are world-renowned, but costs have risen dramatically, and many graduates struggle with student debt. How would you make higher education more affordable and accessible while maintaining California's educational excellence? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "Higher education should be a pathway to opportunity, not a financial burden that limits opportunity. My administration would ensure all qualified Californians can access affordable, high-quality higher education."

Harris: "First, I would implement the California College Affordability Plan eliminating tuition and fees at community colleges for all Californians and at CSU and UC campuses for families earning under $150,000 annually. This would be funded through a combination of increased state investment and a progressive education tax on annual incomes over $5 million."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Student Basic Needs Program ensuring all students can afford housing, food, transportation, and other essentials. This includes expanding campus housing, establishing food security programs, and providing emergency grants for students facing financial crises."

Harris: "Third, I would launch a California Student Debt Relief Initiative providing loan forgiveness for graduates working in high-need fields and underserved communities. This includes teachers, healthcare workers, social workers, and public interest attorneys, particularly those serving rural and low-income urban areas."

Harris: "Fourth, I would expand California's higher education capacity through both physical campus expansion and online learning innovations. This includes establishing new CSU and UC campuses in underserved regions and developing high-quality online degree programs that maintain California's educational standards."

Harris: "Fifth, I would strengthen the transfer pathway from community colleges to four-year institutions through a guaranteed transfer program, common course numbering, and enhanced counseling services. No qualified student should face barriers in moving from community college to a bachelor's degree."

Harris: "My approach is distinguished by its focus on comprehensive affordability addressing not just tuition but all costs of attendance. As Vice President, I advocated for expanded Pell Grants and student debt relief. As governor, I would ensure California leads the nation in making higher education truly accessible to all."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you address higher education affordability and access?"

Khanna: "California's higher education system has been the envy of the world, but rising costs and inequitable access threaten both individual opportunity and our state's economic competitiveness. My plan would restore the promise of affordable, accessible higher education."

Khanna: "First, I would implement a California College Promise making two years of community college free for all residents and four years of public university education debt-free for families earning under $125,000 annually. This builds on my work in Congress as an original co-sponsor of the College For All Act."

Khanna: "Second, I would create a California Opportunity Grant covering non-tuition costs for low and middle-income students. This means addressing housing, food, transportation, childcare, and other expenses that often force students to work excessive hours or drop out entirely."

Khanna: "Third, I would establish Innovation Campuses throughout California's regions, focused on specific economic sectors and designed as partnerships between universities, community colleges, and industry. These campuses would combine education with research and workforce development, creating pathways from education to employment."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Lifelong Learning Program enabling Californians to access education throughout their careers. This includes modular credentials, credit for prior learning, and flexible scheduling designed for working adults. In our rapidly changing economy, education can't be a one-time experience limited to young adults."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would launch a Digital University of California offering high-quality online degree programs at reduced cost. This would expand access for rural residents, working adults, and others who can't relocate or attend traditional campus programs, while maintaining California's educational standards."

Khanna: "What sets my approach apart is its integration of education with economic development and technological innovation. Higher education shouldn't just be affordable—it should be relevant to regional economic needs and accessible throughout Californians' lives as they navigate technological and economic changes."

Dr. Bennett: "A final question for both of you on this topic. California faces a significant teacher shortage, particularly in STEM fields, special education, and bilingual education. How would your administration address this critical workforce challenge? Representative Khanna, please begin."

Khanna: "California's teacher shortage is a crisis demanding immediate action. My administration would implement a comprehensive strategy to recruit, prepare, and retain outstanding educators."

Khanna: "First, I would create the California Teacher Fellows program providing full scholarships and $40,000 annual stipends to high-achieving college students and career-changers who commit to teaching in high-need fields and communities. Fellows would commit to five years of service in exchange for this support and ongoing mentorship."

Khanna: "Second, I would implement a Teacher Housing Initiative developing affordable housing specifically for educators in high-cost communities. This includes both rental and ownership opportunities, recognizing that many teachers cannot afford to live in the communities they serve."

Khanna: "Third, I would reform teacher preparation to create multiple pathways into the profession while maintaining high standards. This includes residency programs where candidates earn while they learn, accelerated credentials for STEM professionals transitioning to teaching, and partnerships with historically Black colleges and Hispanic-serving institutions to diversify the teaching workforce."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would establish Teacher Innovation Academies providing ongoing professional development, leadership opportunities, and additional compensation for teachers who develop and share innovative practices. Teaching should offer growth opportunities without requiring educators to leave the classroom."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would improve working conditions by reducing class sizes, providing adequate planning time, and ensuring teachers have the resources and support they need. The best recruitment strategy is creating schools where teachers can succeed and thrive."

Khanna: "My approach is distinguished by its integration of technology to extend the impact of outstanding teachers. This includes creating networks where master teachers can mentor others virtually and developing instructional resources that reduce administrative burdens so teachers can focus on student learning."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you address the teacher shortage?"

Harris: "Teachers are the backbone of our education system, and addressing California's teacher shortage would be a top priority of my administration."

Harris: "First, I would implement a Competitive Teacher Compensation Initiative raising starting salaries to at least $75,000 statewide with additional incentives for high-need subjects and schools. Research consistently shows that compensation is a primary factor in both recruitment and retention."

Harris: "Second, I would create the California Teacher Corps providing full tuition, living stipends, and guaranteed employment for candidates committed to teaching in high-need fields and communities. The Corps would particularly focus on recruiting teachers of color and those from the communities they'll serve."

Harris: "Third, I would establish a New Teacher Support Program providing intensive mentoring, reduced teaching loads, and additional compensation during the first three years of teaching. Too many teachers leave the profession early because they lack adequate support during these critical years."

Harris: "Fourth, I would develop Career Advancement Pathways allowing teachers to take on leadership roles and increase their compensation without leaving the classroom. This includes roles as mentors, curriculum developers, and instructional coaches."

Harris: "Fifth, I would address education working conditions by improving school facilities, reducing administrative burdens, providing adequate planning time, and ensuring teachers have a voice in school decision-making. Teaching must be a sustainable, rewarding career."

Harris: "What differentiates my approach is its comprehensive nature addressing all aspects of the teacher pipeline—from recruitment through preparation, induction, and ongoing development. As the son of a teacher, I understand the challenges educators face, and my plan reflects that understanding."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these thoughtful responses. Before we move to our next topic, I'd like each of you to make a specific commitment on education that voters can hold you accountable for. Vice President Harris, in one sentence, what measurable education goal do you commit to achieving by the end of your first term?"

Harris: "I commit to eliminating achievement gaps between demographic groups by at least 50%, implementing universal pre-kindergarten statewide, making community college free for all Californians, recruiting and retaining 50,000 new teachers in high-need fields and communities, and ensuring 90% of California students graduate from high school prepared for college or career."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, your specific education commitment in one sentence?"

Khanna: "I commit to making college debt-free for families earning under $125,000, implementing computer science education in every K-12 school, establishing Regional Innovation Centers in every county, creating 100,000 new apprenticeships in emerging fields, and reducing educational equity gaps by 60% as measured by both resources and outcomes."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you. We'll now move to our next segment on Healthcare Access and Affordability."

Dr. Bennett: "California has made significant progress in expanding healthcare coverage, yet nearly 3 million residents remain uninsured, and many more face high costs, limited access to providers, and inequitable health outcomes. Meanwhile, our state's healthcare system continues to experience workforce shortages, regional disparities, and challenges in addressing mental health and substance use disorders. Tonight, we'll explore how our candidates would ensure all Californians have access to affordable, quality healthcare."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, as a Senator you initially supported Medicare for All before evolving toward an expanded public option approach. As California's governor, what would be your healthcare priorities, and how would you work to ensure coverage, affordability, and quality for all Californians?"

Harris: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett. Healthcare is a right, not a privilege, and my administration would work to ensure every Californian has access to quality, affordable care regardless of income, employment, or zip code."

Harris: "My healthcare plan has five priority areas. First, I would implement Covered California for All—a state-administered public option available to every Californian. This would create a strong public alternative to private insurance, negotiating lower rates with providers while maintaining high-quality standards. No one would be required to join, but everyone would have this option regardless of employment status."

Harris: "Second, I would expand California's prescription drug purchasing power by allowing Covered California, Medi-Cal, CalPERS, and other state entities to negotiate as a single buyer. This consolidated approach would leverage California's market size to secure lower prices for consumers, similar to what I advocated for nationally as Vice President."

Harris: "Third, I would address California's healthcare workforce shortages through my California Health Corps initiative. This includes expanded medical school capacity with scholarship commitments for practice in underserved areas, accelerated licensing pathways for immigrant healthcare professionals, and increased funding for residency programs, particularly in primary care, mental health, and rural communities."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a Healthcare Equity Dashboard tracking outcomes by race, income, and geography, with targeted investments to eliminate disparities. This data-driven approach would identify areas needing intervention and measure progress toward equitable health outcomes."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create an integrated Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment System ensuring these services are truly accessible to all Californians. This includes enforcing mental health parity laws, expanding crisis response teams, increasing inpatient capacity, and supporting prevention and early intervention programs."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its pragmatic path to universal coverage through an expanded public option while maintaining choice. My experience implementing the Affordable Care Act expansion as Vice President has shown me that we can make transformative progress while building on what works in our current system."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, you've been a consistent advocate for Medicare for All in Congress. What would be your healthcare priorities as governor?"

Khanna: "Healthcare is indeed a fundamental right, and California has both the opportunity and responsibility to lead the nation in guaranteeing this right to all our residents. My healthcare vision centers on five key priorities."

Khanna: "First, I would implement CalCare—a single-payer healthcare system covering all Californians regardless of income, employment, or immigration status. This system would provide comprehensive coverage including medical, dental, vision, hearing, mental health, reproductive care, and long-term care with no premiums, deductibles, or copays. I've been consistent in my support for single-payer throughout my career because it's the most efficient and equitable approach to universal coverage."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish the California Prescription Drug Affordability Board with authority to set maximum prices for essential medications. This independent board would evaluate fair prices based on clinical value and development costs, ensuring medications are affordable for both the state and individual patients. I've confronted pharmaceutical companies in Congress, and as governor, I would continue this fight for affordable medicines."

Khanna: "Third, I would launch the California Healthcare Workforce Initiative to address critical shortages, particularly in primary care, mental health, and underserved communities. This includes doubling medical school enrollment with emphasis on students from underrepresented communities, expanding loan forgiveness programs, and creating new care delivery models that maximize the skills of all healthcare professionals."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Preventive Health and Wellness Program focusing on the social determinants of health—housing, nutrition, transportation, and environmental conditions that drive health outcomes. This upstream approach would address root causes of health disparities and reduce long-term healthcare costs."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would create an integrated Mental Health System emphasizing community-based care, crisis intervention, and expanded treatment capacity. Mental health must be treated with the same priority as physical health, with services available in every community."

Khanna: "The distinction in my approach is its comprehensive system reform through single-payer. Rather than adding options within our fragmented system, CalCare would create a unified system eliminating administrative waste, ensuring everyone has the same high-quality coverage, and focusing healthcare on patients rather than profits."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from a Californian struggling with healthcare costs."

Miguel Hernandez, Fresno: "I own a small landscaping business with eight employees. I want to provide health insurance, but premiums are so expensive that I'd have to either cut wages or raise prices on my customers, many of whom are seniors on fixed incomes. Meanwhile, my own family pays $1,800 monthly for a high-deductible plan that still leaves us with big bills when we need care. How would your healthcare plans help small business owners like me afford coverage for ourselves and our employees?"

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, please respond first."

Khanna: "Mr. Hernandez, thank you for your question and for trying to do right by your employees despite the financial challenges. Your situation highlights exactly why our current healthcare system is failing small businesses and working families."

Khanna: "Under my CalCare plan, you, your family, and all your employees would have comprehensive healthcare coverage regardless of your employment situation. You wouldn't have to choose between providing benefits and paying competitive wages or keeping prices affordable for your customers. Healthcare would be completely separated from employment, funded through a progressive taxation system that would cost less for most individuals and businesses than current premiums, deductibles, and out-of-pocket costs."

Khanna: "For a small business owner like you, this would provide several benefits. First, you'd be freed from the administrative burden and costs of managing employee health benefits. Second, you'd have predictable healthcare costs based on your business income rather than unpredictable premium increases. Third, you and your employees would have comprehensive coverage without the high deductibles and co-pays currently straining your family budget."

Khanna: "During the transition to CalCare, I would implement immediate relief measures for small businesses, including expanded subsidies for employers with fewer than 50 employees and a Small Business Healthcare Tax Credit covering 50% of premium costs. These transitional measures would provide immediate relief while we build the more efficient, equitable single-payer system."

Khanna: "The fundamental difference in my approach is that it recognizes healthcare as an essential public good, not a commodity tied to employment. Small businesses like yours are the backbone of our economy and shouldn't be disadvantaged by a healthcare system that favors large corporations."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would your plan help small business owners like Mr. Hernandez?"

Harris: "Mr. Hernandez, your situation reflects the challenges many small business owners face in our current healthcare system. You want to do right by your employees while keeping your business competitive, and healthcare costs make that increasingly difficult."

Harris: "My Covered California for All plan would provide immediate relief for small business owners like you through several mechanisms. First, you and your employees would have the option to enroll in the public plan, which would offer comprehensive coverage at lower premiums than private insurance because of its negotiating power and lower administrative costs."

Harris: "Second, I would implement a Small Business Healthcare Tax Credit covering up to 50% of premium costs for businesses with fewer than 25 employees, making it financially viable for you to offer coverage without cutting wages or raising prices."

Harris: "Third, my plan would create a Small Business Healthcare Pool allowing businesses to join together for greater purchasing power, similar to what large corporations enjoy. This pooling mechanism would reduce administrative costs and spread risk across a larger group."

Harris: "Fourth, my prescription drug negotiation plan would significantly reduce medication costs, addressing one of the fastest-growing components of healthcare spending for both individuals and small businesses."

Harris: "The key distinction in my approach is that it provides immediate relief within an existing framework that Californians understand, while creating a pathway to universal coverage. You would have choices rather than being required to participate in a specific system, and the transition would be manageable for both your business and your employees."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both. Let's focus now on mental health care, an area where California continues to struggle with access and integration challenges. How would your administration ensure that mental health services are truly accessible to all Californians? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "Mental health care must be treated with the same priority and accessibility as physical health care. My administration would implement a comprehensive approach to transform California's mental health system."

Harris: "First, I would fully enforce California's mental health parity laws through the Department of Insurance and Department of Managed Health Care, ensuring insurers cover mental health services at the same level as physical health services. This includes robust enforcement mechanisms and penalties for non-compliance."

Harris: "Second, I would create a statewide network of Crisis Response Centers providing 24/7 assessment, stabilization, and connection to ongoing care. These centers would be accessible without insurance verification or ability to pay, ensuring anyone in crisis can receive immediate help."

Harris: "Third, I would implement a School-Based Mental Health Initiative placing mental health professionals in every California school. This would provide early intervention, reduce stigma, and ensure young people learn mental health skills alongside academic subjects."

Harris: "Fourth, I would expand California's mental health workforce through scholarship programs, loan forgiveness, and accelerated licensing pathways for immigrants with mental health training. Special emphasis would be placed on increasing providers from underrepresented communities and those speaking languages other than English."

Harris: "Fifth, I would integrate mental health and substance use disorder treatment through a unified system of care acknowledging the frequent co-occurrence of these conditions. This includes expanding residential treatment capacity, medication-assisted treatment, and recovery support services."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its integration with broader healthcare reform and focus on enforcement of existing legal requirements. As Attorney General, I learned that strong laws mean little without enforcement. My administration would ensure mental health parity is a reality, not just a legal principle."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you improve mental health care access?"

Khanna: "Mental health is an essential component of overall health, yet our current system treats it as secondary or optional. My administration would implement fundamental reforms to ensure mental health care is accessible to all Californians."

Khanna: "First, under CalCare, comprehensive mental health services would be included for all Californians with no copays, deductibles, or network restrictions. This eliminates the financial barriers that currently prevent many people from accessing care, particularly those with serious mental illness who may face periods of unemployment."

Khanna: "Second, I would implement a Community Mental Health Infrastructure program investing $5 billion in rebuilding our mental health system at the community level. This includes crisis stabilization centers, residential treatment facilities, intensive outpatient programs, and supportive housing for those with serious mental illness."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Mental Health Technology Initiative developing and deploying digital tools to extend the reach of mental health professionals. This includes teletherapy platforms, digital interventions for common conditions, and remote monitoring systems to support those with serious mental illness living in the community."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Mental Health Workforce Expansion Program doubling California's mental health workforce within five years. This includes expanded training programs, loan forgiveness, and new practitioner categories to address the severe provider shortage, with particular focus on culturally and linguistically diverse providers."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish an integrated approach to mental health and criminal justice, diverting those with mental illness from incarceration into treatment whenever possible. This includes mental health courts, crisis intervention teams, and specialized community reentry programs."

Khanna: "The key distinction in my approach is its technological innovation and focus on system rebuilding rather than incremental improvements. Decades of underinvestment in mental health infrastructure require bold action, not just better insurance coverage. My plan addresses both access and capacity simultaneously."

Dr. Bennett: "Healthcare costs in California continue to rise faster than inflation or wages. Beyond your coverage expansion proposals, what specific strategies would you implement to control healthcare costs while maintaining quality? Representative Khanna, please begin."

Khanna: "Rising healthcare costs are squeezing family budgets, business bottom lines, and government finances. My administration would implement multiple strategies to contain costs while improving quality."

Khanna: "First, the CalCare single-payer system would substantially reduce administrative costs, which currently consume about 20% of healthcare spending. By creating a unified system with standardized billing and enrollment, we could redirect billions of dollars from paperwork to patient care."

Khanna: "Second, I would implement all-payer rate setting establishing consistent reimbursement rates across all providers. This approach, successful in Maryland, prevents cost-shifting and creates predictable revenue for providers while controlling overall spending growth."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Healthcare Cost Containment Commission with authority to analyze price increases, investigate outliers, and establish growth benchmarks for different sectors of the healthcare industry. When entities exceed these benchmarks without justification, the Commission would have regulatory authority to intervene."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Value-Based Care Initiative transitioning from fee-for-service payment to models rewarding outcomes and efficiency. This includes expanding bundled payments, accountable care organizations, and global budgeting for hospitals."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a California Center for Healthcare Innovation identifying and scaling proven models that improve quality while reducing costs. This includes supporting integrated delivery systems, community health workers, and preventive care approaches that address health issues before they become expensive emergencies."

Khanna: "The fundamental difference in my approach is its systemic nature rather than piecemeal interventions. By addressing the structural drivers of healthcare costs—fragmentation, administrative complexity, and misaligned incentives—we can create sustainable cost control while improving quality and access."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you control healthcare costs?"

Harris: "Healthcare costs are imposing an unsustainable burden on families, businesses, and government. My administration would implement a multi-faceted approach to control costs while enhancing quality."

Harris: "First, my Covered California for All public option would use its market power to negotiate lower rates with providers and hospitals, creating downward pressure on prices throughout the system. As the public option gains market share, its negotiating leverage would increase, further controlling costs."

Harris: "Second, I would implement a Healthcare Price Transparency Initiative requiring all providers to publish standard charges for common procedures. This transparency would empower consumers and payers to make value-based decisions while identifying outlier prices for investigation."

Harris: "Third, I would create a Healthcare Affordability Commission to analyze cost drivers, set spending growth targets, and monitor compliance. Entities exceeding these targets without justification would face increased scrutiny and potential regulatory intervention."

Harris: "Fourth, I would expand Alternative Payment Models moving away from fee-for-service toward value-based payments that reward quality and efficiency rather than volume. This includes supporting accountable care organizations, bundled payments, and global budgeting approaches."

Harris: "Fifth, I would implement a Preventive Care Initiative focusing on chronic disease management, early intervention, and community-based prevention programs. These upstream interventions can significantly reduce downstream costs associated with preventable complications and hospitalizations."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its balance of market mechanisms and regulatory oversight. My experience as Attorney General taught me that neither markets nor regulation alone can effectively control healthcare costs. We need both competitive pressure and strong consumer protection to achieve sustainable cost control."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these thoughtful responses. Before we move to our next topic, I'd like each of you to make a specific commitment on healthcare that voters can hold you accountable for. Representative Khanna, in one sentence, what measurable healthcare goal do you commit to achieving by the end of your first term?"

Khanna: "I commit to implementing the CalCare single-payer system covering all Californians with comprehensive benefits by the end of my first term, reducing overall healthcare spending by 10% through administrative savings and price negotiations, while cutting the uninsured rate to zero, reducing preventable hospitalizations by 25%, and increasing the mental health workforce by 100%."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, your specific healthcare commitment in one sentence?"

Harris: "I commit to reducing California's uninsured rate to less than 1% through Covered California for All, lowering prescription drug costs by 30%, ensuring every community has adequate primary care and mental health providers, reducing healthcare spending growth to the rate of general inflation, and eliminating racial and geographic disparities in health outcomes for key conditions including maternal mortality, diabetes, and hypertension."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you. We'll now move to our segment on Public Safety and Criminal Justice Reform."

Dr. Bennett: "California faces complex challenges in public safety and criminal justice. While violent crime rates remain below historic peaks, many communities have experienced increases in certain crimes. Meanwhile, our state continues to grapple with mass incarceration, racial disparities, and the need for police reform. Tonight, we'll explore how our candidates would balance public safety concerns with the imperative for a more just and equitable criminal justice system."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, you've advocated for police reform including a last-resort standard for use of force. Vice President Harris has a background as a prosecutor and Attorney General. Let's begin with police reform. What specific changes would you implement to law enforcement practices and accountability in California? Representative Khanna, please start."

Khanna: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett. Public safety and justice should be complementary goals, not competing priorities. My approach to police reform centers on five key policies that would make policing more effective, accountable, and equitable."

Khanna: "First, I would implement a statewide Use of Force Standard requiring that officers use force only as a last resort after exhausting all reasonable alternatives. This standard would be accompanied by comprehensive training in de-escalation, crisis intervention, and implicit bias awareness. I led efforts for this standard in Congress and would make it a cornerstone of police reform in California."

Khanna: "Second, I would create an independent California Police Accountability Commission with authority to investigate serious police misconduct statewide. This commission would have subpoena power, dedicated investigators, and the ability to recommend decertification of officers who engage in serious misconduct. No longer would departments investigate themselves with predictable results."

Khanna: "Third, I would establish a Community Safety Initiative redirecting appropriate emergency calls to specialized response teams of mental health professionals, social workers, and community mediators. Police officers are asked to handle too many situations they aren't adequately trained for—from mental health crises to homelessness. This initiative would ensure the right responders for each situation."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement comprehensive data collection and transparency requirements for all law enforcement agencies, including demographic information on stops, searches, arrests, and use of force incidents. This data would be publicly accessible through an online dashboard, allowing for identification of disparities and measurement of reform effectiveness."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would create a Police Transformation Fund supporting departments that implement evidence-based reforms like community policing, guardian training models, and co-responder programs. This fund would provide resources for departments willing to innovate while maintaining accountability for results."

Khanna: "The distinction in my approach is its emphasis on fundamental system reform rather than incremental adjustments. Effective public safety requires community trust, and that trust must be built on accountability, transparency, and a shared vision of justice."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, your approach to police reform?"

Harris: "Public safety and justice are not opposing values—we need both to have either. My experience as a prosecutor and Attorney General has shown me both the essential role of law enforcement and the urgent need for meaningful reform."

Harris: "My police reform agenda has five components. First, I would implement a California Justice in Policing Act establishing clear standards for police conduct including restrictions on deadly force, prohibitions on certain dangerous tactics, and mandatory intervention when officers witness excessive force. These standards would be accompanied by robust training and accountability mechanisms."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Division of Law Enforcement Accountability within the Attorney General's office with authority to investigate serious misconduct and pattern-or-practice violations by police departments. This division would have dedicated career prosecutors, investigators, and civil rights attorneys focused specifically on police accountability."

Harris: "Third, I would establish a Comprehensive Alternative Response System for non-violent emergency calls involving mental health crises, homelessness, and other social issues. This system would deploy trained professionals better equipped to handle these situations, allowing police to focus on serious crime."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a statewide Body-Worn Camera Program with standardized policies for activation, retention, and public access to footage. Body cameras can increase both officer accountability and public trust, but only with clear policies consistently applied."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create a Police Standards and Training Commission to develop evidence-based recruitment, training, and certification standards for all California law enforcement officers. This commission would have authority to decertify officers who engage in serious misconduct, preventing them from simply moving to another department."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its basis in practical experience with California's criminal justice system. As Attorney General, I implemented the first statewide body camera program and implicit bias training for law enforcement. I understand both the challenges of implementation and the imperative for meaningful reform."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from a community member on this issue."

Darnell Williams, Oakland: "In my community, we want to be safe from both crime and police misconduct. Many feel we're getting neither. Young people don't trust the police, yet they also fear violence in their neighborhoods. How would your administration balance the need for effective public safety with genuine accountability and the restoration of community trust in law enforcement?"

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, please respond first."

Harris: "Mr. Williams, thank you for your question and for your important work in Oakland. You've highlighted the false choice too often presented between public safety and police accountability—communities need and deserve both."

Harris: "Building trust while addressing crime requires several integrated approaches. First, my administration would implement a Community Safety Partnership model bringing together law enforcement, community organizations, service providers, and residents to co-create public safety strategies tailored to each neighborhood's needs. These partnerships would include regular community dialogue, transparent crime data, and shared decision-making on priorities."

Harris: "Second, I would establish a Truth and Reconciliation process in communities with histories of police misconduct. This process would acknowledge past harms, create space for community voices, and develop concrete commitments for change. Healing requires honest recognition of historical injustices."

Harris: "Third, I would implement a Credible Messenger Initiative employing formerly incarcerated individuals and others with lived experience as violence interrupters, mentors, and community outreach workers. These individuals have unique credibility in communities where trust in traditional institutions has eroded."

Harris: "Fourth, I would create a Youth Opportunity Corps providing positive pathways through education, employment, mentorship, and leadership development. Public safety improves when young people have meaningful alternatives and supportive relationships."

Harris: "Fifth, I would ensure that all police misconduct investigations are thorough, timely, and transparent, with community oversight and public reporting of outcomes. Accountability is essential for rebuilding trust."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its recognition that public safety and justice are deeply intertwined—we will have neither unless we have both. As a prosecutor, I learned that effective law enforcement depends on community trust, and that trust must be earned through both accountability and positive engagement."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you balance public safety and community trust?"

Khanna: "Mr. Williams, thank you for highlighting this critical tension. Communities should never have to choose between being safe and being respected by those sworn to protect them."

Khanna: "My approach would center on five integrated strategies. First, I would implement a Community Justice Investment Initiative redirecting 15% of state law enforcement funding to community-based safety strategies developed and led by residents. These could include violence interruption programs, youth development, trauma recovery services, and economic opportunity initiatives tailored to each community's specific needs."

Khanna: "Second, I would create a Police-Community Reconciliation Program in communities with histories of tension. This program would include facilitated dialogues, acknowledgment of past harms, joint training, and collaborative development of new policing approaches. Reconciliation requires both accountability for past misconduct and commitment to new relationships."

Khanna: "Third, I would establish Neighborhood Safety Councils with real authority in public safety decision-making. These councils would review crime data, set priorities, provide input on officer selection and evaluation, and help assess the effectiveness of policing strategies."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Civilian Oversight Reform ensuring that all police oversight bodies have adequate resources, subpoena power, and independence. Oversight must be more than symbolic—it must have the authority and capacity to ensure accountability."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would launch a Youth Public Safety Corps creating meaningful roles for young people in community safety efforts. This includes paid internships, leadership development, and pathways to careers in law enforcement, emergency services, conflict resolution, and social work."

Khanna: "The distinctive element of my approach is its recognition that communities themselves possess the wisdom and capacity to create safety. Government should support and resource community-led solutions rather than imposing strategies from above. True public safety emerges from community empowerment, not just enforcement."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's shift to criminal justice reform more broadly. California has made significant progress in reducing incarceration, yet still has over 95,000 people in state prisons and faces persistent racial disparities throughout the system. What specific reforms would you implement to create a more just and effective criminal justice system? Representative Khanna, please begin."

Khanna: "Our criminal justice system should promote public safety, accountability, rehabilitation, and fairness. Too often, it has prioritized punishment over these other essential goals, at tremendous human and financial cost."

Khanna: "My criminal justice reform agenda has five key components. First, I would implement comprehensive sentencing reform eliminating mandatory minimums, reducing sentences for non-violent offenses, expanding alternatives to incarceration, and creating a presumption of minimum necessary incarceration. These changes would be applied retroactively where appropriate, allowing for review of excessive sentences."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish a Rehabilitation and Reentry Initiative transforming California's prisons into centers of education, treatment, skill development, and preparation for successful community return. This includes expanded college programs, vocational training for in-demand jobs, comprehensive substance use and mental health treatment, and family reunification support."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Prosecutor Accountability and Transparency Program requiring district attorneys to collect and publish data on charging, plea bargaining, and sentencing recommendations by race and other demographic factors. Prosecutors exercise tremendous discretion, and that discretion must be transparent and accountable."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Clean Slate Initiative automatically expunging eligible criminal records after completion of sentences. Criminal records create lifelong barriers to employment, housing, education, and full civic participation, effectively extending punishment indefinitely."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a Racial Justice in Prosecution Task Force examining policies and practices that contribute to racial disparities and developing concrete remedies. These disparities undermine both fairness and public confidence in the justice system."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its recognition that public safety is best served by policies that reduce unnecessary incarceration, address root causes of crime, and provide genuine opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegration. Mass incarceration has not made us safer; it has devastated communities and diverted resources from more effective approaches."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, your approach to criminal justice reform?"

Harris: "Criminal justice reform is both a moral imperative and a public safety necessity. A truly fair and effective system must hold people accountable while providing opportunities for rehabilitation and addressing the underlying causes of crime."

Harris: "My criminal justice reform plan has five pillars. First, I would implement a Smart Justice Approach focusing intensive supervision and incarceration on serious and violent offenses while expanding alternatives for non-violent crimes. This includes drug courts, mental health courts, restorative justice programs, and community supervision with appropriate support services."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Rehabilitation and Redemption Initiative expanding education, vocational training, substance use treatment, and mental health services throughout California's prisons. As Attorney General, I launched the 'Back on Track' initiative providing comprehensive reentry services, and I would scale this approach statewide."

Harris: "Third, I would establish a Second Chance Program removing barriers to successful reentry through employment opportunities, housing assistance, and automatic record clearing for eligible offenses. My administration would enforce and strengthen 'ban the box' laws while creating incentives for employers who hire formerly incarcerated individuals."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a Prosecutorial Reform Initiative encouraging evidence-based approaches focused on addressing the root causes of crime rather than maximizing convictions and sentences. This includes diversion programs for low-level offenses, transparency in charging and plea decisions, and performance metrics based on justice outcomes rather than conviction rates."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create a Crime Prevention and Community Investment Fund directing resources to communities with high rates of crime and incarceration. These investments would support early childhood education, youth development, economic opportunity, and environmental improvements proven to reduce crime over time."

Harris: "The distinction in my approach is its balance of accountability and opportunity. My experience as a prosecutor and Attorney General has taught me that public safety requires appropriate consequences for harmful behavior alongside meaningful opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegration. We can hold people accountable while still recognizing their humanity and potential for change."

Dr. Bennett: "California has seen increased concern about property crime, retail theft, and drug-related issues in many communities. How would your administration address these quality-of-life crimes while maintaining your commitment to justice reform? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "Quality-of-life crimes create real harm for communities, businesses, and individuals. Addressing them effectively requires strategies that combine accountability, prevention, and evidence-based intervention."

Harris: "My approach would focus on five key strategies. First, I would implement a Retail Theft Task Force bringing together law enforcement, retailers, prosecutors, and community organizations to address organized retail crime. This includes dedicated investigation resources for criminal networks while distinguishing between organized crime and crimes of poverty or addiction."

Harris: "Second, I would expand California's network of Community Courts providing accountability through community service, restitution, and treatment requirements rather than traditional incarceration for low-level offenses. These courts would ensure consequences while addressing underlying issues like substance use, mental health, and homelessness."

Harris: "Third, I would create a Comprehensive Drug Strategy combining targeted enforcement against trafficking organizations with expanded treatment options and harm reduction approaches for users. This balanced approach recognizes that drug addiction is both a public health and public safety issue."

Harris: "Fourth, I would establish a Property Crime Reduction Initiative providing funding for evidence-based strategies like hot-spot policing, problem-oriented policing, and focused deterrence. These approaches target resources where they will have the greatest impact while minimizing unnecessary enforcement."

Harris: "Fifth, I would implement Community Service Ambassadors in business districts and public spaces, providing non-law enforcement presence that can address minor issues, connect people to services, and enhance public spaces through maintenance and positive activation."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its recognition that public safety requires both appropriate responses to criminal behavior and addressing the conditions that generate crime. As a prosecutor, I learned that the most effective strategy is holding people accountable while connecting them to paths away from criminal behavior."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you address quality-of-life crimes?"

Khanna: "Quality-of-life crimes affect community wellbeing and economic vitality. Addressing them requires strategies that maintain public safety while recognizing their often complex underlying causes."

Khanna: "My approach would incorporate five strategies. First, I would implement a Community-Based Public Safety model deploying teams of public safety personnel, social workers, community ambassadors, and peer outreach workers to address low-level crime and disorder. This approach maintains accountability while providing alternatives to arrest and incarceration when appropriate."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish a Retail Crime Initiative focusing investigative resources on organized retail crime networks while expanding diversion programs for first-time and low-level offenders. This balanced approach distinguishes between criminal enterprises and individuals committing crimes of poverty, addiction, or mental illness."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a California Public Health Approach to Substance Use combining harm reduction, treatment on demand, housing first, and targeted enforcement against high-level traffickers. This comprehensive strategy recognizes that addressing drug-related issues requires multiple integrated approaches."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative providing resources for communities to address conditions that contribute to crime and disorder. This includes environmental design improvements, economic development, youth programming, and community-led safety initiatives."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish Special Circumstance Courts for veterans, homeless individuals, those with mental illness, and people with substance use disorders. These courts would provide appropriate supervision while connecting participants to services addressing their specific needs."

Khanna: "The key distinction in my approach is its emphasis on addressing root causes while maintaining community safety. Effective responses to quality-of-life crimes require recognizing the social, economic, and health factors that drive them, not just the behaviors themselves."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these substantive responses. Before we move to our next topic, I'd like each of you to make a specific commitment on criminal justice that voters can hold you accountable for. Vice President Harris, in one sentence, what measurable criminal justice goal do you commit to achieving by the end of your first term?"

Harris: "I commit to reducing California's prison population by 25% while decreasing violent crime by 10%, cutting recidivism rates by 30%, expanding alternatives to incarceration by 50%, eliminating racial disparities in charging and sentencing decisions, and ensuring every person leaving prison has housing, employment opportunities, and access to needed services."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, your specific criminal justice commitment in one sentence?"

Khanna: "I commit to cutting California's prison population by 40% by ending incarceration for non-violent drug offenses and significantly reducing sentences for other non-violent crimes, investing the resulting savings in community-based crime prevention, reducing recidivism by 50% through comprehensive rehabilitation and reentry services, implementing a last-resort standard for police use of force in all departments, and eliminating racial disparities throughout the criminal justice system."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you. We'll now move to our next segment on Water and Infrastructure."

Dr. Bennett: "California faces critical challenges in water management and infrastructure. Our state continues to experience cycles of drought and flooding, with climate change intensifying these extremes. Meanwhile, our roads, bridges, water systems, and energy grid require significant investment after decades of deferred maintenance. Tonight, we'll explore how our candidates would address these fundamental issues affecting California's future prosperity and resilience."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's begin with water. California's water system must balance agricultural needs, urban demand, environmental protection, and tribal rights—all while adapting to climate change. What comprehensive water strategy would you implement as governor? Representative Khanna, please start."

Khanna: "Thank you, Dr. Bennett. Water is California's most precious resource, and managing it wisely requires balancing complex needs while preparing for a more volatile climate future."

Khanna: "My water strategy has five interconnected components. First, I would implement a California Water Security Initiative investing $10 billion in water infrastructure modernization. This includes repairing aging dams and levees, upgrading conveyance systems to reduce losses, expanding water recycling facilities, and developing appropriately-scaled storage projects that minimize environmental impacts."

Khanna: "Second, I would launch a Water Innovation Program leveraging California's technological leadership to develop and deploy advanced water technologies. This includes smart water systems using sensors and AI for real-time management, breakthrough desalination approaches with minimal energy and environmental footprints, atmospheric water generation for distributed supply, and precision agriculture technologies reducing water use while maintaining productivity."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Sustainable Groundwater Acceleration Initiative providing technical assistance and funding to help local agencies implement groundwater sustainability plans. This includes grants for groundwater recharge projects, assistance for farmers transitioning to less water-intensive crops, and programs supporting communities dependent on declining groundwater supplies."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a 21st Century Water Rights Framework modernizing California's outdated water rights system to increase flexibility, transparency, and equity while respecting existing rights. This includes establishing a publicly accessible water rights database, streamlining water transfers to maximize efficient use, and incorporating environmental and tribal needs more effectively."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a Watershed-Based Governance approach bringing together all stakeholders in each watershed to develop integrated solutions. This collaborative approach recognizes that water challenges vary by region and require tailored strategies developed with local input."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its integration of technological innovation with systemic reform. As Silicon Valley's representative, I understand how technology can help solve our water challenges, but I also recognize that technology alone isn't enough—we need governance reforms and inclusive decision-making to ensure water sustainability and equity."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, what would be your comprehensive water strategy?"

Harris: "Water is fundamental to California's communities, economy, and environment. My comprehensive water strategy would ensure reliable supplies for all Californians while preparing for a changing climate."

Harris: "My water plan has five key elements. First, I would implement a California Water Resilience Program investing $12 billion in infrastructure that enhances both water supply reliability and ecosystem health. This includes modernizing aging infrastructure, expanding water recycling and reuse, building appropriately-scaled storage projects, restoring watersheds, and improving urban and agricultural water use efficiency."

Harris: "Second, I would establish a Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund ensuring every California community has clean, safe drinking water. This dedicated fund would provide resources for disadvantaged communities to upgrade water systems, address contamination, and develop sustainable local supplies. No Californian should lack access to this basic human need."

Harris: "Third, I would create an Integrated Watershed Management Initiative focusing on nature-based solutions that enhance water supply, water quality, flood protection, and ecosystem health simultaneously. This includes forest management to improve watershed health, floodplain restoration providing both habitat and flood protection, and urban green infrastructure managing stormwater while creating community amenities."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a California Water Conservation and Efficiency Program establishing strong standards while providing resources to help agencies, businesses, farmers, and homeowners reduce water use. Conservation remains our most cost-effective water strategy and must be a permanent way of life in our semi-arid state."

Harris: "Fifth, I would establish a Collaborative Governance Framework bringing together federal, state, tribal, and local governments alongside stakeholders to develop regionally appropriate water solutions. This approach would reduce conflict while promoting integrated water management."

Harris: "The distinctive element of my approach is its recognition that water challenges are fundamentally about equity, sustainability, and governance—not just technology or infrastructure. As Vice President, I helped secure historic water investments for California, and I understand how to bring stakeholders together around solutions that balance diverse needs."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's hear from someone directly affected by California's water challenges."

Maria Gonzalez, Fresno County: "I live in a small community in the Central Valley where our wells have gone dry as large farms drill deeper wells. We now rely on water delivered by trucks. At the same time, many farmworkers are losing jobs as fields are fallowed due to water shortages. How will your water policies ensure that small rural communities like mine have secure water supplies while also protecting agricultural jobs that our community depends on?"

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, please respond first."

Khanna: "Ms. Gonzalez, thank you for sharing your community's experience. The situation you describe highlights the human impact of our water challenges and the need for solutions that address both environmental and economic justice."

Khanna: "My administration would implement four specific policies to help communities like yours. First, I would establish a Rural Water Security Program providing emergency assistance for communities with failing water supplies while developing permanent solutions. This includes funding for deeper community wells, connections to larger water systems where feasible, and innovative technologies like atmospheric water generators for truly isolated communities."

Khanna: "Second, I would create a Small Farm Water Innovation Initiative helping smaller agricultural operations adopt water-efficient technologies and practices currently available primarily to large operations with more capital. This includes both financial assistance and technical support to help small farms remain viable with less water while maintaining employment."

Khanna: "Third, I would implement a Farmworker Economic Diversification Program in regions facing reduced agricultural employment due to water constraints. This includes training for emerging agricultural sectors requiring less water, renewable energy jobs, and other rural economic opportunities, ensuring workers have options as the agricultural economy evolves."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would establish a Groundwater Management Equity Framework requiring that Groundwater Sustainability Agencies prioritize drinking water for communities when developing and implementing their plans. This would include representation for disadvantaged communities in governance and specific protections for domestic wells."

Khanna: "The key distinction in my approach is its recognition that water policy must address both technological and justice dimensions. Small communities and family farms should not bear the brunt of water shortages while larger interests with more resources and political power remain protected. My administration would ensure that your community's needs for both water security and economic opportunity are prioritized."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you address Ms. Gonzalez's concerns?"

Harris: "Ms. Gonzalez, thank you for bringing this critical issue to our attention. Communities like yours are experiencing the real human consequences of our water challenges, and any solution must address both immediate needs and long-term sustainability."

Harris: "My administration would implement five specific policies to support communities like yours. First, I would establish a Drinking Water Emergency Response Program providing immediate relief for communities with failing water supplies while developing permanent solutions. This includes funding for bottled water delivery, temporary pipelines, and emergency wells, ensuring no community goes without this basic necessity."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Rural Water Infrastructure Fund providing grants and technical assistance for permanent drinking water solutions in disadvantaged communities. This includes funding for community well replacement, connections to larger systems, and treatment facilities for contaminated water."

Harris: "Third, I would implement a Sustainable Agricultural Transition Program helping farmers transition to less water-intensive crops and practices while maintaining employment levels. This includes financial incentives, research partnerships, and marketing assistance for crops that can provide good livelihoods with less water."

Harris: "Fourth, I would establish a Community Water Rights Protection policy ensuring that disadvantaged communities have their water needs prioritized in both water rights administration and groundwater management. This includes legal assistance for communities whose water rights are threatened and requirements that Groundwater Sustainability Agencies protect domestic wells."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create a Rural Economic Diversification Initiative supporting new economic opportunities in regions facing agricultural water shortages. This includes investments in agricultural processing facilities, renewable energy development, and rural broadband enabling remote work opportunities."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its emphasis on both immediate relief and systemic change. Having worked with Central Valley communities as Attorney General and Vice President, I understand that water justice requires both addressing urgent needs and changing the power dynamics that have left communities like yours vulnerable."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's turn to infrastructure more broadly. California faces an estimated $700 billion infrastructure backlog, with deteriorating roads, bridges, transit systems, water facilities, and energy networks. What would be your approach to addressing these needs while preparing for future challenges? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "California's infrastructure is the foundation of our economy and quality of life, yet decades of underinvestment have left critical systems deteriorating just as climate impacts intensify. My administration would implement a comprehensive infrastructure strategy addressing both maintenance backlogs and future needs."

Harris: "First, I would launch a California Infrastructure Investment Initiative providing $25 billion annually in state funding while leveraging federal infrastructure dollars and private capital. This initiative would prioritize projects based on safety needs, economic return, climate resilience, and equity considerations, ensuring resources address our most critical gaps."

Harris: "Second, I would implement a Fix-It-First policy directing at least 60% of transportation funding to maintaining existing infrastructure before building new capacity. This approach recognizes that deferred maintenance ultimately costs more and that we must steward existing assets before expanding."

Harris: "Third, I would create a Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Program ensuring all infrastructure investments consider future climate conditions. This includes elevated standards for flood protection, heat resistance, wildfire hardening, and drought resilience, preventing billions in future damage from increasingly severe weather events."

Harris: "Fourth, I would establish a Transit and Transportation Equity Initiative ensuring every community has access to reliable, affordable transportation options. This includes expanded and electrified public transit, complete streets accommodating all users, and zero-emission vehicle infrastructure in all communities, not just wealthy areas."

Harris: "Fifth, I would implement a Digital Infrastructure Program addressing the digital divide through universal high-speed broadband access, public computing centers, digital literacy programs, and affordable internet service. In today's economy, digital infrastructure is as essential as physical infrastructure."

Harris: "What sets my approach apart is its integrated vision connecting infrastructure to climate resilience, economic opportunity, and community equity. As Vice President, I helped implement the largest infrastructure investment in generations, and I would bring that experience to California's infrastructure challenges."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you address California's infrastructure needs?"

Khanna: "California's infrastructure challenges require both catching up on deferred maintenance and leaping forward with next-generation systems that can support a sustainable, equitable economy. My comprehensive infrastructure strategy would address both immediate needs and long-term transformation."

Khanna: "First, I would implement a California Infrastructure Modernization Program investing $30 billion annually in repairing, upgrading, and reimagining our infrastructure systems. This includes restructuring infrastructure financing to use sustainable funding sources, leveraging federal dollars, and creating public-private partnerships where appropriate."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish an Infrastructure Innovation Hub bringing together researchers, engineers, construction firms, labor representatives, and community leaders to develop and deploy advanced infrastructure technologies. This includes smart infrastructure using sensors and AI for predictive maintenance, advanced materials with longer lifespans, and modular construction techniques reducing costs and disruption."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Clean Transportation System transitioning to zero-emission mobility options for all Californians. This includes completing the high-speed rail system, creating regional transit networks connecting currently isolated communities, establishing electric vehicle charging networks in all communities, and developing hydrogen fueling infrastructure for heavy transport."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Standard requiring all infrastructure investments to withstand projected climate impacts through mid-century. This includes higher standards for coastal infrastructure facing sea level rise, transportation systems vulnerable to extreme heat, water systems affected by drought, and energy systems threatened by wildfire."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would launch a Digital Equity Initiative ensuring every Californian has affordable high-speed internet access, appropriate devices, and the skills to participate in the digital economy. This includes municipal broadband options, public computing centers, and digital skills training programs."

Khanna: "The distinctive element of my approach is its integration of technological innovation with social equity. As Silicon Valley's representative, I've seen how technology can transform infrastructure efficiency and sustainability, but I also understand that infrastructure must serve all communities, not just those with political and economic power."

Dr. Bennett: "California's energy system faces reliability challenges while transitioning to clean sources to meet our climate goals. How would you ensure reliable, affordable energy while accelerating the transition to renewable sources? Representative Khanna, please begin."

Khanna: "California's energy system must achieve three goals simultaneously: reliability, affordability, and sustainability. My administration would implement a comprehensive strategy addressing all three dimensions."

Khanna: "First, I would launch a California Clean Energy Acceleration Program doubling renewable energy deployment rates while ensuring grid reliability. This includes streamlining permitting for clean energy projects, upgrading transmission infrastructure to access renewable resources, and implementing advanced grid management technologies to integrate variable renewable generation."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish an Energy Storage Initiative deploying 50 gigawatts of diverse storage technologies by 2030. This includes utility-scale batteries, pumped hydro where environmentally appropriate, compressed air storage, and emerging long-duration storage technologies essential for a high-renewable grid."

Khanna: "Third, I would implement a Community Energy Resilience Program supporting microgrids and distributed energy resources in vulnerable communities. This includes solar-plus-storage systems for critical facilities, community microgrids providing backup during outages, and resilience centers where residents can access power, cooling, and essential services during emergencies."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would create an Energy Affordability Program ensuring the clean energy transition benefits all Californians. This includes rate design reforms preventing cost shifts to lower-income consumers, targeted subsidies for energy-burdened households, and energy efficiency programs reducing consumption and bills."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a Just Transition Initiative for fossil fuel workers and communities, ensuring they benefit from the clean energy economy. This includes job training, placement programs, economic diversification for affected communities, and requirements that clean energy projects provide quality union jobs."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its technological optimism coupled with equity considerations. I believe California can lead the world in demonstrating that clean energy can be more reliable and ultimately more affordable than fossil fuels, while ensuring this transition creates broadly shared prosperity."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you ensure reliable, affordable, clean energy?"

Harris: "California must transition to clean energy while maintaining reliability and affordability. My administration would implement a comprehensive strategy balancing these essential goals."

Harris: "First, I would implement a California Reliable Clean Energy Program accelerating renewable deployment while ensuring grid stability. This includes coordinated planning for renewable development and transmission expansion, maintaining appropriate levels of firm generating capacity during the transition, and modernizing grid operations to handle higher renewable penetration."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Strategic Reliability Reserve maintaining sufficient dispatchable generation, storage, and demand response to ensure reliability during extreme weather events and the clean energy transition. This includes both conventional resources operated as reliability reserves and clean technologies like long-duration storage and hydrogen-capable turbines."

Harris: "Third, I would establish an Energy Affordability Initiative preventing energy cost burdens from increasing during the transition, particularly for lower-income households. This includes rate design reforms protecting vulnerable consumers, targeted subsidies and efficiency programs for energy-burdened households, and community solar options allowing renters to benefit from clean energy savings."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a Grid Modernization Program upgrading transmission and distribution infrastructure to support electrification and renewable integration. This includes expanded transmission connecting renewable-rich areas to load centers, distribution system upgrades supporting vehicle and building electrification, and advanced control systems optimizing grid operations."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create a Clean Energy Workforce Development initiative ensuring Californians from all backgrounds can access good jobs in the clean energy economy. This includes apprenticeship programs, community college partnerships, and targeted recruitment from disadvantaged communities and fossil fuel sectors."

Harris: "The distinctive element of my approach is its pragmatic balance of innovation and reliability. Having worked on energy policy as Vice President, I understand both the urgency of climate action and the absolute necessity of maintaining reliable energy services during the transition."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these substantive responses. Before we move to our next topic, I'd like each of you to make a specific commitment on infrastructure that voters can hold you accountable for. Representative Khanna, in one sentence, what measurable infrastructure goal do you commit to achieving by the end of your first term?"

Khanna: "I commit to ensuring every California community has clean, reliable drinking water; expanding renewable energy to 90% of California's electricity supply; deploying high-speed internet to 100% of California households; completing 500 miles of high-speed rail; and bringing our transportation, water, and energy infrastructure to a state of good repair while creating 500,000 good-paying infrastructure jobs."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, your specific infrastructure commitment in one sentence?"

Harris: "I commit to ensuring all Californians have clean drinking water; bringing 80% of the state's infrastructure to a state of good repair; achieving 80% clean electricity; connecting every household to high-speed internet; making our infrastructure climate-resilient; and creating 400,000 good-paying, union infrastructure jobs with clear pathways for disadvantaged communities."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you. We'll now move to our final segment on California's Role in the Nation and World."

Dr. Bennett: "California isn't just America's most populous state—it's the world's fifth-largest economy with global influence in technology, entertainment, agriculture, and environmental policy. Yet our state also faces challenges in federal relations, global trade, and immigration that affect our economic future and social fabric. Tonight, we'll explore how our candidates envision California's leadership role in national and international affairs."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's begin with federal relations. California frequently finds itself at odds with federal policies, particularly during Republican administrations. How would you approach California's relationship with the federal government under the current Trump administration while protecting California's interests and values? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "California's relationship with the federal government must balance principled defense of our values with pragmatic cooperation where possible. My approach would draw on my experience at both state and federal levels to navigate these complex dynamics."

Harris: "First, I would establish a Strategic Federal Engagement Office bringing together legal, policy, and intergovernmental affairs expertise to coordinate California's approach to federal relations. This office would identify opportunities for productive engagement while preparing to defend California's interests when necessary."

Harris: "Second, I would pursue a Pragmatic Federalism approach seeking areas of common ground even with an administration whose values often differ from California's. This includes infrastructure investment, disaster response, water management, and other areas where mutual interests exist. Californians benefit when we can work constructively with federal partners."

Harris: "Third, I would implement a Robust Legal Defense Strategy protecting California's authority to set higher standards in areas like environmental protection, consumer safety, and civil rights. This includes strategic litigation when federal actions illegally encroach on state authority or harm Californians."

Harris: "Fourth, I would create a State-Federal Innovation Partnership identifying policy areas where California can demonstrate successful approaches that could eventually become federal models. This includes clean energy development, healthcare coverage expansion, and workforce development initiatives."

Harris: "Fifth, I would establish a California Congressional Coordination Initiative working closely with our state's congressional delegation to advance California priorities in federal legislation and appropriations. This bipartisan approach would maximize California's influence regardless of which party controls Washington."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is my direct experience in both state and federal government. As California's Attorney General, I defended our state's interests against federal overreach. As Vice President, I worked to advance policies benefiting California. This dual perspective would guide a federal relations strategy that's both principled and pragmatic."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, how would you approach federal relations?"

Khanna: "California must stand firmly for our values while engaging strategically with the federal government. My approach would leverage my congressional experience to protect California while advancing our state's model nationally."

Khanna: "First, I would establish a California Defense Coalition bringing together legal experts, advocacy organizations, and other states sharing our values to coordinate responses to federal policies that threaten our communities or economy. This coalition would develop joint legal strategies, share resources, and present a united front against harmful federal actions."

Khanna: "Second, I would implement a Strategic Federalism approach asserting California's authority to protect our environment, economy, and communities when federal policies fall short. This includes maintaining higher standards for vehicle emissions, chemical safety, and consumer protection, using our market power to drive national standards upward."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Productive Engagement Initiative identifying areas where cooperation with federal agencies can benefit Californians regardless of partisan differences. This includes disaster preparedness, infrastructure funding, veterans services, and agricultural support, working in good faith where mutual interests exist."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would launch a Federal Innovation Incubator developing and demonstrating successful policies that could eventually become national models. California should view itself as the laboratory of democracy, piloting approaches in healthcare, climate, and economic opportunity that show what's possible nationally."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a Cross-Border Collaboration Initiative working with neighboring states on regional challenges transcending state boundaries. This includes water management, wildfire response, transportation planning, and climate initiatives, recognizing that many challenges require regional approaches."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is my legislative experience and relationships across the political spectrum. As a congressman who has worked with both Democrats and Republicans, I understand how to find common ground while standing firm on core principles. I would bring this approach to California's federal relations, being unapologetic about our values while pragmatic about how to advance them."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's shift to California's international role. As an economic powerhouse with global cultural influence, California conducts its own form of diplomacy through trade missions, climate agreements, and cultural exchanges. How would you expand California's global leadership while ensuring international engagement benefits all Californians? Representative Khanna, please begin."

Khanna: "California isn't just a state—it's a global force with economic, technological, and cultural influence rivaling many nations. My international strategy would leverage this influence to benefit Californians while advancing our values globally."

Khanna: "First, I would establish a California Global Affairs Office coordinating our state's international engagement across economic development, climate cooperation, educational exchange, and cultural diplomacy. This unified approach would maximize California's global impact and ensure our international efforts align with state priorities."

Khanna: "Second, I would implement a Strategic Trade Initiative focused on expanding trade relationships benefiting California businesses and workers while advancing fair labor and environmental standards. This includes targeted trade missions to emerging markets, support for small businesses entering export markets, and investment promotion prioritizing high-road employers."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Global Climate Leadership Network expanding California's existing climate partnerships to include subnational governments, businesses, and civil society organizations worldwide. This network would accelerate clean technology deployment, share best practices for climate policy, and build momentum for ambitious international climate action."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would establish a California Innovation Diplomacy Program connecting our state's technological leadership with global challenges. This includes initiatives addressing water scarcity, clean energy access, digital inclusion, and sustainable agriculture through technology partnerships between California institutions and international counterparts."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would launch a California Global Solidarity Initiative focusing our international engagement on promoting democracy, human rights, worker protections, and environmental standards. This includes using our procurement policies, investment decisions, and public statements to support these values globally."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its emphasis on using California's technological leadership to address global challenges while ensuring the benefits of international engagement reach all communities. Drawing on my experience representing Silicon Valley and advocating for economic opportunity nationwide, I would ensure California's global leadership creates broadly shared prosperity."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you approach California's international role?"

Harris: "California has always been a bridge between America and the world. As governor, I would expand our global leadership while ensuring international engagement delivers tangible benefits for all Californians."

Harris: "First, I would establish a California International Strategy Council bringing together leaders from business, labor, academia, civil society, and local government to develop a comprehensive approach to global engagement. This inclusive process would ensure our international initiatives reflect diverse perspectives and benefit all regions of our state."

Harris: "Second, I would implement an Inclusive Trade and Investment Program focusing on expanding international economic opportunities that create good jobs and benefit underserved communities. This includes trade missions emphasizing industries with high-quality employment, export assistance prioritizing small and minority-owned businesses, and investment attraction targeting regions with economic development needs."

Harris: "Third, I would create a California Climate Diplomacy Initiative building on and expanding our state's international climate partnerships. This includes technology transfer agreements, policy coordination with international partners, and joint initiatives demonstrating that climate action and economic prosperity can advance together."

Harris: "Fourth, I would establish a Global California Higher Education Partnership connecting our world-class universities and community colleges with international counterparts. This includes expanded study abroad opportunities, research collaborations addressing global challenges, and educational exchanges bringing international talent and perspectives to California."

Harris: "Fifth, I would launch a California Cultural Diplomacy Program showcasing our state's diversity, creativity, and values through arts, media, and educational exchanges. This includes support for cultural exports, international festivals highlighting California's diverse communities, and educational initiatives sharing California's experience as a multicultural democracy."

Harris: "The distinctive element of my approach is its grounding in both diplomatic experience and commitment to inclusive benefits. As Vice President, I represented the United States internationally and understand effective diplomatic engagement. I would bring this experience to California's global role while ensuring our international initiatives create opportunities in all communities."

Dr. Bennett: "Immigration has profound impacts on California's economy, communities, and identity. While primary authority rests with the federal government, states have significant roles in immigrant integration and community wellbeing. How would your administration approach immigration as it relates to California's economic future and social fabric? Vice President Harris, please begin."

Harris: "Immigration has shaped California's past and will define our future. While federal policy governs who enters our country, California can lead in ensuring immigrants contribute to and benefit from our state's prosperity."

Harris: "First, I would implement a Comprehensive Immigrant Integration Program providing language acquisition, professional licensing, entrepreneurship support, and civic engagement opportunities for immigrants throughout California. This proactive approach recognizes that successful integration benefits both immigrant communities and our broader society."

Harris: "Second, I would establish a New American Opportunity Initiative ensuring immigrants can fully utilize their skills and education in California's economy. This includes streamlined professional licensing, credential recognition programs, specialized English training, and career pathway support for internationally trained professionals."

Harris: "Third, I would create a Welcoming Communities Framework supporting local governments in developing inclusive policies and practices. This includes planning assistance, best practice sharing, and funding for community-based integration initiatives that build bridges between immigrant and receiving communities."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement an Immigrant Worker Protection Program ensuring labor rights for all workers regardless of immigration status. This includes strengthened enforcement against labor exploitation, expanded legal services for workplace violations, and protection from retaliation for reporting abuses."

Harris: "Fifth, I would establish a California Dream Initiative expanding educational and career opportunities for undocumented youth and young adults. This includes continued state financial aid, entrepreneurship support, and career development programs enabling these young Californians to fully contribute to our state."

Harris: "What distinguishes my approach is its recognition that immigration policy is fundamentally about human beings and communities, not just economic or security considerations. As the daughter of immigrants and as Vice President working on migration challenges, I understand both the human dimension and policy complexities of immigration."

Dr. Bennett: "Representative Khanna, what would be your approach to immigration issues in California?"

Khanna: "Immigration is central to California's identity, economy, and future. While federal policy determines who enters our country, California can lead in creating a society where immigrants and receiving communities thrive together."

Khanna: "First, I would implement a California Opportunity for New Americans Initiative providing comprehensive integration services including language acquisition, career development, entrepreneurship support, and civic engagement. This coordinated approach would ensure immigrants in all regions can fully contribute to and benefit from California's prosperity."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish an Immigrant Entrepreneurship Program supporting immigrant-owned businesses through targeted technical assistance, capital access, procurement opportunities, and mentorship. Immigrants start businesses at higher rates than native-born Americans, and supporting this entrepreneurial energy creates jobs and economic opportunity."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Workforce Integration Initiative helping immigrants translate their skills, education, and experience into California's economy. This includes credential recognition programs, bridge training for licensed professions, English for specific occupations, and career pathway development."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Community Building and Integration Program supporting local initiatives that foster understanding and collaboration between immigrant and receiving communities. This includes funding for community dialogues, cultural exchanges, shared community projects, and initiatives celebrating our diverse cultural heritages."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a California Immigrant Legal Services Network ensuring access to quality legal assistance for immigration matters. This includes support for naturalization, family reunification, humanitarian protections, and defense against unjust deportation, recognizing that legal status security is fundamental to successful integration."

Khanna: "The distinctive element of my approach is its recognition of immigration as both an economic and human rights issue. As the son of immigrants and representative of one of America's most diverse regions, I understand that supporting immigrant integration isn't just the right thing to do—it's essential for California's continued prosperity and social cohesion."

Dr. Bennett: "Let's conclude this segment by discussing California's leadership on climate policy. Our state has pioneered climate initiatives that influence national and international action. How would your administration advance California's climate leadership globally while ensuring our transition benefits all communities? Representative Khanna, please begin."

Khanna: "Climate change is the defining challenge of our time, and California has both the responsibility and opportunity to demonstrate that ambitious climate action can drive economic prosperity and social equity."

Khanna: "First, I would implement California Climate Leadership 2.0—a comprehensive strategy accelerating our state's climate goals while expanding international partnerships. This includes achieving 100% clean electricity by 2035, zero-emission transportation by 2040, and carbon neutrality by 2045, while establishing collaborative initiatives with subnational governments worldwide to replicate successful approaches."

Khanna: "Second, I would establish a Climate Technology Transfer Initiative sharing California's clean energy innovations with partners globally while creating export opportunities for California businesses. This includes targeted support for deploying California technologies in developing economies, joint research initiatives, and technical exchanges accelerating global climate solutions."

Khanna: "Third, I would create a Just Transition Framework ensuring climate policies benefit disadvantaged communities through targeted investments, workforce development, pollution reduction, and community ownership opportunities. Climate justice requires that communities historically burdened by pollution and economic inequality benefit first and most from the clean energy transition."

Khanna: "Fourth, I would implement a Climate Finance Innovation program developing and demonstrating new financing mechanisms for climate solutions. This includes green bonds, climate investment funds, insurance products for climate resilience, and financial incentives accelerating adoption of clean technologies globally."

Khanna: "Fifth, I would establish a Climate Diplomacy Network connecting California's climate leadership with international policymaking. This includes formal partnerships with national and subnational governments, support for ambitious international agreements, and strategic interventions elevating California's model in global climate discussions."

Khanna: "What distinguishes my approach is its integration of technological innovation, equity considerations, and international partnership. Having represented Silicon Valley while advocating for climate justice, I understand both the technological possibilities and ethical imperatives of climate leadership."

Dr. Bennett: "Vice President Harris, how would you advance California's climate leadership?"

Harris: "Climate change threatens California's communities, economy, and natural resources. Our state must lead in demonstrating that bold climate action can create a more prosperous, equitable, and resilient society."

Harris: "First, I would implement a California Climate Leadership Initiative accelerating our transition to clean energy while expanding our global influence. This includes strengthening our climate targets, enhancing accountability mechanisms, and developing formal partnerships with governments worldwide to share policy approaches and technical expertise."

Harris: "Second, I would create a Climate Justice and Economic Opportunity Program ensuring the benefits of climate action reach all communities, particularly those facing environmental burdens and economic challenges. This includes targeted investments in disadvantaged communities, workforce development for displaced workers, and community ownership opportunities in clean energy projects."

Harris: "Third, I would establish a Clean Technology Export Initiative positioning California businesses to provide climate solutions globally. This includes trade missions focused on clean technology, technical assistance for developing economies adopting California innovations, and support for California businesses entering global markets for climate solutions."

Harris: "Fourth, I would implement a Climate Resilience Exchange facilitating knowledge sharing on adaptation strategies with regions facing similar climate impacts worldwide. This includes partnerships on drought management, coastal protection, wildfire preparedness, and public health responses to climate impacts."

Harris: "Fifth, I would create a Sub-National Climate Leadership Network strengthening California's existing climate alliances while expanding membership and ambition. This network would demonstrate that progress is possible regardless of national political barriers and create momentum for more ambitious national and international action."

Harris: "The distinctive element of my approach is its grounding in both climate ambition and diplomatic effectiveness. As Vice President working on international climate initiatives, I understand how to translate California's leadership into global influence. I would bring this experience to advancing both our state's climate goals and our global impact."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for these comprehensive responses. Now, we'll move to our closing segment, where each candidate will present their vision for California's future in 2030."

Dr. Bennett: "We've covered a wide range of critical issues facing California tonight. Now, as we conclude, I'd like each candidate to share their vision for California in 2030 and make their case for why they should be our next governor. Vice President Harris, you'll speak first, followed by Representative Khanna."

Harris: "California stands at a defining moment. The choices we make in the next four years will determine whether we remain the world's center of innovation and opportunity, or whether we allow our challenges to define us."

Harris: "I envision a California in 2030 where every child receives world-class education regardless of zip code. Where housing is affordable for working families. Where our economy creates opportunity in every region and community. Where we lead the world in addressing climate change while creating good jobs in clean industries. Where healthcare is a right, not a privilege. And where our diversity remains our greatest strength."

Harris: "What distinguishes my candidacy is proven leadership. Throughout my career—as District Attorney, as Attorney General, as Senator, and as Vice President—I've delivered meaningful results for Californians. I've taken on powerful interests and won. I've built coalitions to solve complex problems. And I've stood firm for our values even when it wasn't easy."

Harris: "Leadership isn't just about vision—it's about implementation. It's about making government work for the people it serves. My experience at every level of government has prepared me to lead California through its next chapter, with both bold vision and practical problem-solving."

Harris: "The stakes couldn't be higher. Our response to housing affordability will determine whether working families can build lives here. Our climate actions will set an example for the world. Our approach to technological change will shape whether innovation creates broadly shared prosperity."

Harris: "I'm running for governor because I love California. I believe in our future. And I know that with experienced leadership that brings people together, our best days are still ahead. I ask for your vote to build a California where everyone can thrive, where opportunity is real for all, and where we continue to show the world what's possible when we dream big and deliver."

Khanna: "Tonight, we've discussed the extraordinary challenges facing our state—from housing affordability to climate change, from economic inequality to technological disruption. These challenges are real, but they're matched by California's equally extraordinary assets—our diversity, our innovation, our natural resources, and most importantly, our people."

Khanna: "I envision a California in 2030 that has overcome its greatest obstacles by harnessing its greatest strengths. A California where housing is affordable because we've built millions of new homes. Where our economy creates opportunity in every community because we've ensured technology serves human flourishing. Where we've shown the world how to address climate change while creating good jobs. Where healthcare and education are universal rights accessible to all."

Khanna: "What sets my candidacy apart is a unique combination of technological understanding and commitment to economic justice. As Silicon Valley's representative, I've worked at the intersection of technology and society. I understand both the transformative potential of innovation and the imperative to ensure its benefits reach everyone."

Khanna: "My vision of economic patriotism means ensuring California's technological leadership creates opportunity in every community—from the Central Valley to the North Coast, from the Inland Empire to Los Angeles. It means rebuilding the California Dream so that working families can afford homes, young people can pursue education without crippling debt, and seniors can retire with dignity."

Khanna: "The central question of this election is who can lead California into a new era where technological progress and economic justice advance together. My background, representing both America's innovation capital and advocating for economic opportunity nationwide, has prepared me for this moment."

Khanna: "I'm running for governor because I believe California can show America and the world what's possible when we harness our technological leadership to create broadly shared prosperity. With your support, we can build a California where innovation drives opportunity, where diversity remains our strength, and where the California Dream is renewed for generations to come."

Dr. Bennett: "Thank you both for a substantive and forward-looking conversation about California's future. And thank you to our audience, both here and watching throughout California, for your attention to these critical issues."

Dr. Bennett: "California faces profound challenges, but tonight we've heard thoughtful approaches to addressing them from two dedicated public servants. Your vote in 2026 will shape our state's direction on housing, climate, education, healthcare, criminal justice, and our role in the nation and world."

Dr. Bennett: "On behalf of the Politics-Room of California, I encourage all Californians to stay engaged, to consider the ideas presented tonight, and to participate in our democratic process. The future of our great state depends on it. Good night."